https://www.selleckchem.com/ALK.html Nitrogen (N) use efficiency in beef cattle is low (10-20%), resulting in large amounts of N excreted into the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan inclusion and dietary crude protein (CP) level on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and N excretion in beef heifers. Eight Belgian Blue × Holstein Friesian cross beef heifers (752 ± 52 kg BW) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial design. Factors were dietary CP concentration-high CP, 16% (HP) or low CP, 12% (LP)-and chitosan inclusion-0 or 10 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) offered at 5050 forage concentrate ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. Apparent total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and CP were reduced (p less then 0.001) with chitosan inclusion, whereas offering the HP diets increased apparent total tract digestibility of CP (p less then 0.001). Offering the HP diets increased urinary N excretion (p less then 0.001), while chitosan inclusion increased N excretion in faeces (p less then 0.05). Ruminal pH was increased with chitosan inclusion (p less then 0.01). There was a CP × chitosan interaction for rumen ammonia (NH3) concentrations (p less then 0.05). Including chitosan in the HP diets increased ruminal NH3 concentration while having no effect on the LP diets. Urinary N excretion was increased with increased levels of CP, but chitosan inclusion increased the quantity of N excreted in the faeces.In this study, the optimal conditions for the fabrication of polyethylenimine/polyvinyl chloride cross-linked fiber (PEI/PVC-CF) were determined by comparing the adsorption capacity of synthesized PEI/PVC-CFs for Reactive Yellow 2 (RY2). The PEI/PVC-CF prepared through the optimal conditions was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. Several batch adsorption and desorption experiments wer