To study the clinical features of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children with neurogenic bladder (NB), and to provide a reference for its early diagnosis and treatment. Clinical data were collected from 26 children with NB and urinary tract infection who were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Nephrology from January 2014 to December 2019. According to the presence or absence of VUR, the children were divided into a VUR group with 11 children and a non-VUR group with 15 children. Clinical features were compared between the two groups. Compared with the non-VUR group, the VUR group had a significantly higher proportion of children with non- urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis (the severity of hydronephrosis increased with the grade of VUR), abnormal Tc-DMSA renal scanning findings, elevated ratios of urinary albumin, urinary IgG and urinary transferrin to creatinine, increased residual urine volume, and increased detrusor leak point pressure ( < 0.05). When NB children have the clinical manifestations of non- urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, abnormal Tc-DMSA renal scanning findings, glomerular proteinuria, increased bladder residual urine volume, and high detrusor leak point pressure, such children may already have VUR, and so diagnosis and intervention should be performed as early as possible. When NB children have the clinical manifestations of non-Escherichia coli urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, abnormal 99mTc-DMSA renal scanning findings, glomerular proteinuria, increased bladder residual urine volume, and high detrusor leak point pressure, such children may already have VUR, and so diagnosis and intervention should be performed as early as possible. To study the clinical features and prognosis of childhood acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC). A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 14 children who were diagnosed with AML-MRC from June 2014 to March 2020, including clinical features, laboratory examination results, and prognosis. Among the 14 children with AML-MRC, there were 9 boys and 5 girls, with a median age of 11 years (range 1-17 years), a median leukocyte count of 8.3×10 /L [range (2.0-191.0)×10 /L], a median hemoglobin level of 73 g/L (range 44-86 g/L), and a median platelet count of 75×10 /L [range (4-213)×10 /L] at diagnosis. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/itacitinib-incb39110.html According to the FAB classification, the children with AML-M5 accounted for 71% (10/14). Among the 14 children, 4 had multi-lineage dysplasia (MLD), 2 had a history of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 5 had MDS-related cytogenetic changes, 2 had MLD with MDS-related cytogenetic changes, and 1 had a history of MDS with MLD. The median follow-up time was 10.6 mof cases, it is necessary to increase the number of cases for further observation. Childhood AML-MRC is often observed in boys, and AML-M5 is the most common type based on FAB classification. Such children tend to have a poor prognosis. HSCT is expected to improve the poor prognosis of children with AML-MRC. However due to the small number of cases, it is necessary to increase the number of cases for further observation. To study the correlation between the bronchial dilation test (BDT) and asthma control level in children with asthma. A total of 153 children with asthma, aged 5-14 years, who attended the outpatient service from March 2016 to March 2018 were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of atopic constitution, they were divided into an allergic group with 79 children and a non-allergic group with 74 children. The correlation between BDT and Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) scores was analyzed for both groups. All basic pulmonary function parameters were positively correlated with C-ACT scores in the non-allergic group ( < 0.05). Except the forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow and maximal expiratory flow at 25% vital capacity in percent predicted values, the other pulmonary function parameters were positively correlated with C-ACT scores in the allergic group ( < 0.05). The improvement rates of all BDT parameters (except maximal expiratory flow at 25% vital capacity in the allergic group and maximal expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity in the non-allergic group) were negatively correlated with C-ACT scores in the two groups ( < 0.05). The improvement rate of BDT is well correlated with C-ACT scores in children with asthma, suggesting that BDT can be used as an index for predicting asthma control level. The improvement rate of BDT is well correlated with C-ACT scores in children with asthma, suggesting that BDT can be used as an index for predicting asthma control level. To study the clinical features of pericardial effusion caused by central venous catheterization in preterm infants. A retrospective analysis was performed on 11 preterm infants with pericardial effusion caused by central venous catheterization. Their catheterization features, manifestations, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed. A total of 11 preterm infants (11/2 599, 0.42%) developed pericardial effusion, with a mean gestational age of (30.1±2.6) weeks and a mean birth weight of (1 240±234) g. Pericardial effusion mostly occurred within 4 days after central venous catheterization (10 cases, 91%). The main manifestations included poor response (6/11, 55%), cyanosis (5/11, 45%), increased respiratory rate (6/11, 55%), increased heart rate (6/11, 55%), aggravated dyspnea (5/11, 45%), and muffled heart sound (5/11, 45%). At the time of disease progression, 7 preterm infants (64%) had a deep position of the end of the catheter, 3 preterm infants (27%) had a correct position, and 1 preterm infant (9%) had a shallow position. Five preterm infants (45%) experienced cardiac tamponade, among whom 4 underwent pericardiocentesis. Seven preterm infants were given conservative medical treatment. Among the 11 children, 2 (18%) died and 9 (82%) improved. Pericardial effusion caused by central venous catheterization mostly occurs in the early stage of catheterization and has critical clinical manifestations. Pericardiocentesis is required for cardiac tamponade, and early diagnosis and intervention can effectively improve prognosis. Pericardial effusion caused by central venous catheterization mostly occurs in the early stage of catheterization and has critical clinical manifestations. Pericardiocentesis is required for cardiac tamponade, and early diagnosis and intervention can effectively improve prognosis.