https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD1152-HQPA.html Unraveling the formation mechanism of hydroxyl radicals (OH˙) is one of the outstanding issues in photocatalytic reactions, where 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) is widely utilized as a trapping agent to detect OH˙ radicals in experiments. In this study, we carry out density functional theory calculations to reveal the origin and formation process of OH˙ radicals by investigating the interaction of water with DMPO on a rutile TiO2(110) surface. Our results clearly show that the OH˙ radicals trapped by DMPO stem from water upon illumination. The charge compensation mechanism dominates the formation of DMPO-OH from the reaction between DMPO and water on the rutile TiO2(110) surface. These findings provide new insights into the photocatalytic mechanism and may achieve new frontiers in photocatalytic research.Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are constructed from the precise integration of small organic blocks into an extended, porous framework via covalent linkages. COFs can also be viewed as an organic solid consisting of a periodic array of one dimensional (1-D) channels. Although a wide range of applications have been envisioned for COFs, understanding the structure-property correlation at the level of chemical linkages, topology, pore size and functionality is needed to unlock the potential of these materials. Herein, we review some emerging applications of two-dimensional (2D) COFs in solid-state photoluminescence, stimuli-responsive COFs, gas storage, ion conduction and energy storage, and discuss the intricate design principles that enable these COFs to perform better than their building blocks or polymeric counterparts. Going beyond bulk 2D-COFs, molecular thin organic layers called COFene can be derived from the exfoliation of 2D COFs, generating new properties for applications in optoelectronic devices, catalysis and separation.We report herein the first detailed study of the mechanism of redox r