World over, age and various severity scores are among the foremost variables studied in relation to the number of casts in clubfoot. We studied the correlation between child's age at presentation, initial Pirani, Dimeglio scores to the number of Ponseti casts in Indian clubfoot children. Further, we matched Pirani versus Dimeglio scores at different severities of deformity to derive a correlation between them.
 
  We included 90 idiopathic clubfeet in 55 infants and scored them according to Pirani and Dimeglio grading systems. Syndromic, neurological, surgically intervened, atypical or complex clubfeet were excluded from the study. The number of casts before percutaneous tenotomy was counted. Correlations were calculated between corrective casts and age, Pirani, Dimeglio scores and their individual components.
 
  Mean age of children was 63.7 days and average number of casts applied was 3.2. Age at presentation and number of casts had no correlation with r=0.034 (p<0.001). The correlation between initial Pirani score (average 5.39) and Dimeglio score (average 13.4) to number of casts was 0.35 (p<0.001)and 0.56 (p<0.0001) respectively. Among individual components of Pirani score, medial crease and rigid equinus had maximum correlation to the number of casts whereas empty heel sign had the lowest. For Dimeglio score, equinus and varus correlated the most and posterior crease the least. Pirani and Dimeglio scores were highly correlated (r=0.87) to each other except for very supple or severe deformity.
 
  In infancy, the age at presentation had no bearing on number of casts. Both scoring systems had positive correlation in terms of corrective casts for our population. The Dimeglio fared slightly better than Pirani scores.
 In infancy, the age at presentation had no bearing on number of casts. Both scoring systems had positive correlation in terms of corrective casts for our population. The Dimeglio fared slightly better than Pirani scores.Paediatric femur neck fracture is an uncommon injury and is known for high rate of complications. This in turn, can have significant impact on development of hip and overall function of the child. Controversy prevails in many areas of management and it still remains a difficult injury to manage. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to summarize the current concepts in management and suggest current recommendations regarding the controversies so that these injuries can be managed judiciously. A systematic review was done as per PRISMA guidelines using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. 18 studies with better scientific evidence after quality assessment were included in the systematic review. Current trends and Controversial issues in management were then identified and discussed. It was observed that existing literature is inconclusive regarding several aspects of management of this injury with no clear guideline available. However, certain recommendations useful for decision making could beregardless of the method of treatment and might reveal their full impact many years after injury. Hence, a guarded prognosis should be explained to the parents and care-givers at the time of injury.Different anthropometric parameters such as weight, height, body mass index, thigh circumference, and thigh length have been extensively studied and their correlation assessed with hamstring graft length and diameter. This study is to analyse the difference of semitendinosus graft characteristics with sports activity of the patient.
  110 patients undergoing any ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus were included, 55 in sports and 55 in non-sports group. Height, weight, BMI, sports activity were noted pre-operatively. Semitendinosus harvested and graft length and diameter measured.
 
  98 patients completed the study. The mean length of the harvested semitendinosus tendons was 28.45±2.54cm in non-sports group and 28.06±4.18cm in sports group. The mean diameter of semitendinosus was 6.29±0.61mm in non-sports group and 6.35±0.6mm in sports group. Positive correlation was found between height and graft length.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-743921.html  No statistically significant difference between tendon length (p=0.994) and diameter (p=0.549) of sports and non-sports group was found.
 
  Patient height should be considered for preoperative prediction of tendon length and thickness without any difference in sports or non-sports group. A taller patient has a longer and thicker graft.
 Patient height should be considered for preoperative prediction of tendon length and thickness without any difference in sports or non-sports group. A taller patient has a longer and thicker graft.Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the major health burdens and a leading source of disability worldwide, affecting both juvenile and elderly populations either as a consequence of ageing or extrinsic factors such as physical injuries. This condition often involves a group of locomotor structures such as the bones, joints and muscles and may therefore cause significant economic and emotional impact. Some pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been considered as potential solutions, however, these alternatives have provided quite limited efficacy due to the short-term effect on pain management and inability to restore damaged tissue. The emergence of novel therapeutic alternatives such as the application of orthobiologics, particularly bone marrow aspirate (BMA) clot, have bestowed medical experts with considerable optimism as evidenced by the significant results found in numerous studies addressed in this manuscript. Although other products have been proposed for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries, the peculiar interest in BMA, fibrin clot and associated fibrinolytic mechanisms continues to expand. BMA is a rich source of various cellular and molecular components which have demonstrated positive effects on tissue regeneration in many in vitro and in vivo models of musculoskeletal injuries. In addition to being able to undergo self-renewal and differentiation, the hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells present in this orthobiologic elicit key immunomodulatory and paracrine roles in inflammatory responses in tissue injury and drive the coagulation cascade towards tissue repair via different mechanisms. Although promising, these complex regenerative mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.