" Utilizing the known genetic - environmental interaction theorem P = G +E, the authors provide a clear rationale for the adoption of genetic risk testing coupled with endorphinergic/dopamine regulation to address dysfunction across the brain reward circuitry. The goal of altering resting-state, functional connectivity may require a gentle "neurotransmitter fix" vis enkephalinase inhibition to overcome or combat - self-induction of acute dopamine release via psychoactive substance misuse resulting in chronic dopamine down-regulation. As subsets of reward deficiency, we are poised to provide novel, genetically guided therapy for endorphinergic, opioidergic, and dopaminergic deficiencies and related syndromes, utilizing "Precision Addiction Management. V.The relationship between food environments and diabetes morbidity is vastly understudied, despite the well-recognized linkage between dietary quality and diabetes complications. Further, literature demonstrates that attributes of places can have nonlinear relationships with health outcomes. This study examines the extent to which "food swamps" are associated with greater rates of hospitalizations for complications among adults with diabetes over time as well as the linearity of this relationship. We conduct a longitudinal county-level analysis of 832 counties across 16 U.S. states in 2010, 2012, and 2014 using data from the USDA Food Environment Atlas and the AHRQ Health Care Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases. Food swamp severity is measured as the percentage of food outlets in a county that sell primarily unhealthy foods. Hierarchical linear mixed models with county random intercepts are estimated, controlling for area-level covariates and state and year fixed effects. Curvilinear relationships are explored by additively incorporating quadratic terms. We find that, over the study period, mean food swamp severity remained relatively stable. Mean hospitalization rates decreased from 296.72 to 262.82 hospitalizations per 1000 diabetic adults (p  less then  0.001). In adjusted models, greater food swamp severity was associated with higher hospitalization rates in a curvilinear manner (severity β = 2.181, p = 0.02; severity2 β = -0.017, p = 0.04), plateauing at approximately 64% unhealthy outlets, a saturation point observed in 17% of observations. Policies that limit saturation of the environment with unhealthy outlets may help in the prevention of diabetic complications, but more saturated counties will likely require more extensive intervention. The death of a child is a stressful and traumatic life event that has been linked to increased mortality risk among parents.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html  Tragically, black parents are significantly more likely than white parents to lose a child in the United States; however, prior research has not addressed this racial disadvantage in relation to parents' mortality risk. In this study, we focus on the racial context of the United States to suggest that black parents already face higher mortality rates compared to white parents, and the unequal burden of child death adds to their mortality risk. Using discrete-time event history models, we consider whether the death of a child by midlife is associated with increased mortality risk for black parents and for white parents in mid- to later-life using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 1996-2016). Descriptive results show that by midlife, black parents, especially black mothers, experience substantially higher child mortality compared with white parents. At the same time, we find that losing a child prior to midlife is associated with heightened mortality risk for aging black mothers and white mothers. Controlling for educational attainment explains the association between child death and parental mortality risk among white mothers, whereas heightened biopsychosocial and behavioral risk factors explain the association for black mothers. Overall, the death of a child is associated with increased mortality risk for black mothers and for white mothers, but the processes linking child death to parental mortality seem to differ for black and white parents. These findings have implications for policies and interventions that address increased mortality risk for parents following the death of a child. Although guidelines for prescribing insulin pumps to patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) focus on patient assessment, sociological research shows decision-making is influenced by the organizations within which actors are embedded. However, how organizational context shapes unequal resource allocation by race and class is less well understood. To investigate this, we compare two pediatric endocrinology centers differing in racial and socio-economic equity in pump use. Using over 400 h of observations and 16 provider interviews, we find allocation is shaped by how organizations use patient cultural health capital to determine pump eligibility, frame technology use, and structure decision-making processes. Overall, findings extend health inequalities research by describing how organizations shape technology resource allocation by race and class. BACKGROUND There is preliminary evidence for lavender as an anxiolytic agent through various routes of administration. Our goal is to elucidate the best route of administration for lavender as a treatment for anxiety. METHODS Thirteen electronic search engines were systematically scanned for relevant publications. The relevant articles were included after the title and abstract screening followed by the full-text screening. This study included randomized control trials reporting lavender for the treatment of anxiety. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017076711). Frequentist network meta-analysis and Bayesian meta-regression were conducted to report the best treatment modality and the effect of covariates on the effectiveness as an anxiolytic. Treatment arms were ordered according P-scores, where higher P-score indicates better treatment choice. RESULTS Forty studies were eligible for qualitative analysis, and 32 were included in quantitative analysis. Lavender aromatherapy was the best approach for the treatment of anxiety among other lavender modalities at the first week recording [Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = -0.