https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dooku1.html 81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46-1.42] and CVD mortality (HR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.26-1.32) in unadjusted analyses. After adjusted with age and alcohol drinking status, there were significant reductions for stroke mortality among all participants (HR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.08-0.84) and for CVD mortality (HR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.92) and stroke mortality (HR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.82) among hypertensive participants. Conclusions Compared to normal salt, salt substitute might reduce the risk of CVD death, especially stroke among hypertensive patients. Our exploratory follow-up results provide potential evidence that low-sodium salt may be an accessible and effective strategy for prevention of CVD events, but definitive randomized controlled trials are warranted.A properly functioning hemovascular system, consisting of circulating innate immune cells and endothelial cells (ECs), is essential in the distribution of nutrients to distant tissues while ensuring protection from invading pathogens. Professional phagocytes (e.g., macrophages) and ECs have co-evolved in vertebrates to adapt to increased physiological demands. Intercellular interactions between components of the hemovascular system facilitate numerous functions in physiology and disease in part through the utilization of shared signaling pathways and factors. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) 2 and 4 are two such transcription factors with critical roles in both cellular compartments. Decreased expression of either factor in myeloid or endothelial cells increases susceptibility to a multitude of inflammatory diseases, underscoring the essential role for their expression in maintaining cellular quiescence. Given the close evolutionary relationship between macrophages and ECs, along with their shared utilization of KLF2 and 4, we hypothesize that KLF genes evolved in such a way that protected their expression in myeloid and endothelial cells. Within this Perspective, we review