Moreover, the nanosensors showed a stable current output without significant loss in performance after intracellular measurements. The long-term success of peri-implantitis treatments is generally insufficient. Attacking the bacteria on the titanium implant surface using electrochemical polarization could be an alternative approach. In this study an E. coli biofilm in phosphate buffered saline was treated with low current densities (0.25 to 2 mA/cm2) using anodic, cathodic, or combined polarization regimes, either alone or with the antiseptic chlorhexidine. The antibacterial effect was assessed using LIVE/DEAD® staining and through quantification of viable bacteria, sample surfaces were characterized pre- and post-treatment with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. All polarization treatments had an antibacterial effect that increased with current density, with at least 1 mA/cm2 necessary to reduce colony forming units by four orders of magnitude. Cathodic treatment was slightly superior to anodic treatment, and there was no difference between alternating polarization and single-type polarization. Neither treatment resulted in a significant detachment of bacteria, but combination with chlorhexidine improved the antibacterial effect synergistically. The use of chloride containing electrolytes is not recommended in this context. The low current densities used here were not sufficient to generate adequate bactericidal chlorine reactive species, but first signs of pitting corrosion were already detected for anodic polarization at 1 mA/cm2. Reduction of N2O to N2 is catalysed by nitrous oxide reductase in the last step of the denitrification pathway. This multicopper enzyme has an electron transferring centre, CuA, and a tetranuclear copper-sulfide catalytic centre, "CuZ", which exists as CuZ*(4Cu1S) or CuZ(4Cu2S). The redox behaviour of these metal centres in Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus nitrous oxide reductase was investigated by potentiometry and for the first time by direct electrochemistry. The reduction potential of CuA and CuZ(4Cu2S) was estimated by potentiometry to be +275 ± 5 mV and +65 ± 5 mV vs SHE, respectively, at pH 7.6. A proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism governs CuZ(4Cu2S) reduction potential, due to the protonation/deprotonation of Lys397 with a pKox of 6.0 ± 0.1 and a pKred of 9.2 ± 0.1. The reduction potential of CuA, in enzyme samples with CuZ*(4Cu1S), is controlled by protonation of the coordinating histidine residues in a two-proton coupled electron transfer process. In the cyclic voltammograms, two redox pairs were identified corresponding to CuA and CuZ(4Cu2S), with no additional signals being detected that could be attributed to CuZ*(4Cu1S). However, an enhanced cathodic signal for the activated enzyme was observed under turnover conditions, which is explained by the binding of nitrous oxide to CuZ0(4Cu1S), an intermediate species in the catalytic cycle. Compounds containing vicinal diol (glycol) groups, including saccharides, could be modified with sixvalent osmium complexes with nitrogenous ligands, particularly with N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (Os(VI)tem). The modification products are electrochemically active. Here we show that aminosaccharides can also be modified by Os(VI)tem. We studied chitosan oligosaccharides in their acetylated and deacetylated form in 0.2 M Na-phosphate, pH 6.9. Deacetylated chitosan oligosaccharides with free amino groups modified by Os(VI)tem yielded two peaks (peak I' at -0.15 V and peak II' at about -0.38 V) despite the fact that these oligomers contain only one glycol group on the non-reducing end of the molecule. The electrochemical behavior of Os(VI)tem modified deacetylated chitosan oligomers differs from Os(VI)tem modified simple saccharides, containing only glycol groups, predominantly in peak I'.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ag-221-enasidenib.html  Our results suggest that free amino groups are involved in Os(VI)tem modification of chitosan oligomers. BACKGROUND Our purpose is to provide evidence that health information technology should be a mainstay of all future health and social support services for older people globally, both within and across community and residential care services. METHODS This work was conducted in two phases. In phase I, the authors conducted a focused exploration by selecting a convenience sample of four long term care health information technology roadmaps, developed by members of four different long term care health information technology collaboratives in United States, Australia, United Kingdom, and New Zealand. During Phase II the research team carried out an extensive systematic review of existing literature sources (2000-2018) to support roadmap assumptions. RESULTS Using converging domains and content, we offer recommendations among five aged care roadmap domains Strategy/Vision, Continuing Care Community, Services and Support Provided, External Clinical Support, and Administrative. Within these domains we provide recommendations in five content areas Innovation, Policy, Evaluation, Delivery Systems and Human Resources. We recommend future strategies for LTC HIT roadmaps that include 61 emphasis areas in aged care in these content areas and domains. CONCLUSIONS The roadmap provides a navigation tool for LTC leaders to take a strategic and comprehensive approach as they harness the potential of health information technologies to address the challenges and opportunities of LTC in the future. BACKGROUND Smartphone to-do list app was hypothesized to be more efficient than a paper-based list in the management of workflow and to provide additional benefits. PURPOSE To analyze the impact of a mobile task-management application on the workflow of an ICU medical staff. METHODS Superiority by a margin test, quasi-experimental study comparing the use of a smartphone application versus standard practice regarding tasks management in an academic ICU. Superiority margin was set at 8 % based on a pilot study. During two periods of 20 working days each (October 2018 and January 2019), medical staff managed tasks with both methods on a weekly rotation basis. Primary outcome was the proportion of daily tasks completed. Secondary outcomes assessed users' satisfaction and the impact of the app in terms of changes in clinical practice. RESULTS 25 ICU physicians were enrolled. A total of 1983 tasks were recorded. The proportion of completed tasks per day was higher when using the smartphone app (99 % [96-100] versus 95 % [93-98] for the standard group, p = 0.