https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly333531.html ssODNs also induced early expression of MPK3, WRKY33, PROPEP1 and FRK1 genes involved in plant defence, an effect that was reduced in bak1-5 and bak1-5/bkk1 mutants. CONCLUSIONS ssODNs are capable of inducing protection against pathogens through the activation of defence genes and promotion of stomatal closure through a mechanism similar to that of other elicitors of plant immunity, which involves the BAK1 co-receptor, and ROS synthesis. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.While the histone variant H2A.Z is known to be required for mitosis, it is also enriched in nucleosomes surrounding the transcription start site of active promoters, implicating H2A.Z in transcription. However, evidence obtained so far mainly rely on correlational data generated in actively dividing cells. We have exploited a paradigm in which transcription is uncoupled from the cell cycle by developing an in vivo system to inactivate H2A.Z in terminally differentiated post-mitotic muscle cells. ChIP-seq, RNA-seq and ATAC-seq experiments performed on H2A.Z KO post-mitotic muscle cells show that this histone variant is neither required to maintain nor to activate transcription. Altogether, this study provides in vivo evidence that in the absence of mitosis H2A.Z is dispensable for transcription and that the enrichment of H2A.Z on active promoters is a marker but not an active driver of transcription. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.The milk-fed calf has a requirement for amino acids (AA) instead of crude protein (CP), however, most milk replacers (MR) are still formulated for CP concentrations. Previous work has demonstrated that feeding a modified MR (2420; CPfat @ 0.64 kg/d) improved calf growth performance compared to standard (2020 @ 0.57