89, CI [0.86, 0.93] for opioid poisonings).
 
  Although state-level studies suggest that more liberal marijuana policies may result in fewer opioid overdose deaths, our results within one state suggest that local availability of medical marijuana may not reduce those deaths. The relationship appears to be more complex, possibly based on socioeconomic conditions within and adjacent to areas with higher densities of medical marijuana dispensaries.
 Although state-level studies suggest that more liberal marijuana policies may result in fewer opioid overdose deaths, our results within one state suggest that local availability of medical marijuana may not reduce those deaths. The relationship appears to be more complex, possibly based on socioeconomic conditions within and adjacent to areas with higher densities of medical marijuana dispensaries.
  We assessed overdose mortality by opioid types involved as well as interrelationships between nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NUPO) and heroin and injection drug use (IDU) among adolescents.
 
  We examined 2010 and 2016 overdose data by drug type for decedents in the United States ages 15-19 years from the Multiple Cause of Death Files. We also analyzed data from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative survey of high school students. We assessed lifetime NUPO and calculated heroin use and IDU by frequency of lifetime NUPO.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/LY2603618-IC-83.html  Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were generated, and linear contrast analysis determined dose-response relationships between frequency of lifetime NUPO and the two outcomes.
 
  The percentage of deaths involving prescription opioids that also involved illicit opioids such as heroin or fentanyl was 5.5% in 2010 and 25.0% in 2016. We observed a positive dose-response relationship with frequency of lifetime NUPO; aPRs were highest for 20 or more times of NUPO and heroin use (aPR = 49.49, 95% CI [33.39, 73.34]) and IDU (aPR = 44.37, 95% CI [23.16, 84.99]). However, aPRs for heroin and IDU were high even among those reporting just one or two occasions of NUPO (aPRs = 9.25, 95% CI [5.90, 14.49] and 6.63, 95% CI [3.99, 11.02], respectively).
 
  Adolescent prescription opioid overdose deaths now frequently involve illicit opioids. Heroin use and IDU are higher among students reporting even a few instances of NUPO, indicating that students with any NUPO are an important risk group. Clinical, community, and school-based efforts can address NUPO, noting these associations.
 Adolescent prescription opioid overdose deaths now frequently involve illicit opioids. Heroin use and IDU are higher among students reporting even a few instances of NUPO, indicating that students with any NUPO are an important risk group. Clinical, community, and school-based efforts can address NUPO, noting these associations.
  Despite preliminary evidence of unique acute cognitive and psychopharmacological changes attributable to combined alcohol and cannabis use, few studies have investigated more chronic effects of same-day co-use, particularly during neurodevelopmentally sensitive periods. Therefore, relationships between past-month binge alcohol and cannabis co-use and cognitive functioning were examined in adolescents and young adults.
 
  Data from the Imaging Data in Emerging Adults with Addiction (IDEAA) Consortium were used to assess cognitive functioning in emerging adults with a large range of substance use (n = 232; 15-26 years old) who were abstinent for at least 3 weeks. Multiple regressions assessed cognitive functioning by past-month binge episodes, cannabis use episodes, and same-day co-use, controlling for covariates (e.g., study site, sex, age).
 
  After correcting for multiple comparisons, more past-month co-use episodes were related to decreased Ruff 2&7 selective attention accuracy (p = .036). Sex significantly covaried with California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition initial learning.
 
  Although few significant relationships were found and effect sizes are modest, the persistence of an effect on attention despite a period of sustained abstinence highlights the need to carefully investigate patterns of substance use and potential independent and interactive effects on the developing brain.
 Although few significant relationships were found and effect sizes are modest, the persistence of an effect on attention despite a period of sustained abstinence highlights the need to carefully investigate patterns of substance use and potential independent and interactive effects on the developing brain.
  Substance use disorder (SUD) management by medical providers may be important for patients with comorbid health conditions exacerbated by SUD. This study evaluated potential associations of SUD with morbidity and mortality in a large sample of hypertensive patients.
 
  Analysis of a limited data set was obtained through IBM Watson Health Explorys, a platform integrating data from electronic health records. Matched controls were defined for each of five SUDs tobacco use disorder (TUD), alcohol use disorder (AUD), cocaine use disorder (COUD), opioid use disorder (OUD), and cannabis use disorder (CUD) using Mahalanobis distance within propensity score calipers. All patients were from The MetroHealth System (Cleveland, OH) and had diagnosed hypertension. SUD group participants had diagnosed abuse/dependence for the substance of interest. Controls for each SUD group had no diagnosis code related to the substance of interest and were selected to match the SUD patients on several factors. Total sample sizes for eacnsive patients.
  Sexual minority (i.e., lesbian, bisexual) women and racial-ethnic minority groups in the United States are disproportionately harmed by excessive alcohol use. This study examined disparities in excessive alcohol use at the intersection of race-ethnicity and sexual identity for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic sexual minority women.
 
  Using data from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we compared the age-adjusted prevalence of binge drinking and heavy alcohol use among sexual minority women of color, sexual minority White women, and heterosexual women of color with that of White heterosexual women. The joint disparity is the difference in the prevalence of excessive alcohol use between sexual minority women of color and White heterosexual women. The excess intersectional disparity is the portion of the joint disparity that is due to being both a racial-ethnic minority and a sexual minority woman.
 
  Black and Hispanic sexual minority women reported the highest prevalence of binge drinking (45.4% and 43.