8 to 1.2 USD kg-1 compared with manual production system under rainfed conditions. The diagnosis of the quinoa transformation pathways revealed different transformation levels, and the production cost increased with the level of transformation due to high cost of labor and raw material. Analysis of quinoa seeds showed that macronutrient content is mostly not affected by pearling process, while micronutrients content was significantly decreased in processed seeds. In addition, total saponin content was reduced to an acceptable level after using mechanical pearling compared with manual abrasion.Little is known about the influence of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the incidence of venous thromboembolism in areas with heavy air pollution. We examined seasonal associations between airborne concentrations of fine particulate matter and outpatient visits for venous thromboembolism in Beijing using a city-wide time-series design that covered a period of 30 months (January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2012). Generalized additive models were used to investigate the associations with adjustment of temperature for various time lags (lag 0 for the warm season and lag 0-10 for the cold season). Overall, 92,435 outpatient visits were recorded by the Beijing Medical Claim Data for Employees database during the study period. We found a significant association between PM2.5 levels and outpatient visits for venous thromboembolism. A 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations on lag days 0-2 corresponded to a 0.64% (95% confidence interval 0.55-0.73%; P less then 0.001) increase in outpatient visits for venous thromboembolism during the cold season, and a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations on lag days 0-3 corresponded to a 0.82% (95% confidence interval 0.67-0.96%; P less then 0.001) increase in outpatient visits for venous thromboembolism during the warm season. Our findings suggest that PM2.5 exposure is associated with outpatient visits for venous thromboembolism in Beijing, and a more pronounced association was observed during the warm season. We propose that various temperature-adjustment strategies should be used when investigating seasonal associations.The aim of this paper is to drive the discourse towards the increasing shift to renewables, especially offshore wind energy generation, in the emerging international energy order. The Indian Ocean Region (IOR), despite its increasing contribution to onshore wind energy generation and impending policies on offshore wind energy, is reluctant to invest in the latter. Hence, this paper highlights four important aspects that challenge IOR's offshore wind energy development Indian Ocean's strategic location, environment impacts, blue economy and maritime terrorism. In the background of the geopolitical rivalry existing in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), with the increasing presence of China and the USA in the Indian Ocean, this paper aims to study if these geopolitical challenges are hindering offshore wind energy generation in IOR. The key findings of the paper include the necessity of addressing the geopolitical rivalry in IOR as an important hindrance in huge investments needed in OWE farms, so that a regional cooperative mechanism is arrived at especially from the point of view of policies towards OWE generation.Phosphate-solubilizing (PS) microbes are important to improve phosphorus availability and transformation of insoluble phosphate, e.g., rock phosphate (RP). The use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as inoculants have been proposed as an alternative to increase phosphate availability in RP and composting fertilizers. In this study, the effect of compound PSB coinoculation and single-strain inoculation on the transformation of insoluble phosphate were compared in a liquid medium incubation and RP-enriched composting. The goal of this study was to understand the possible mechanisms of insoluble phosphate transformation driven by the interactions of compound PS microbes during composting. The correlations between organic acids production, P-solubilization capacity and bacterial community with PSB inoculation were investigated in the RP-enriched composting by redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation models (SEM). Results showed that both single-strain and compound PSB inoculants had a high P-solubilization capacity in medium, but the proportion of Olsen P to total P in composts with inoculating compound PS microbes was 7% higher than that with single strain. PS inoculants could secrete different organic acids and lactic was the most abundant. However, RDA and SEM suggested that oxalic might play an important role on PS activity, inducing RP solubilization by changing pH during composting. Interaction between compound microbes could intensify the acidolysis process for insoluble P transformation compared to the single strain. Our findings help to understand the roles of complex microbial inoculants and regulate P availability of insoluble phosphate for the agricultural purposes.Inputs of phosphorus (P) during baseflow period usually come from groundwater, bed sediments, and some other sources. Baseflow P can have critical effects on nutrient enrichment of surface waters in some intensively cultivated agricultural watersheds. This study was conducted to estimate the baseflow dissolved phosphorus (DP) export in a typical rainy agricultural watershed of eastern China using a recursive tracing source algorithm (RTSA) and reveal the rules and trends of baseflow DP loads and concentrations. Results indicated that RTSA provided a satisfactory prediction for baseflow DP load (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) = 0.72, R2 = 0.74). From 2003 to 2012, the annual baseflow DP loads ranged from 0.159 (2004) to 0.771 (2012) kg/ha which contributed about 64.3% of the mean total annual DP export in stream (0.597 kg/ha).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Eloxatin.html  The annual flow-weighted DP concentrations in streamflow (0.076-0.125 mg/L) and baseflow (0.076-0.137 mg/L) far exceeded the eutrophication threshold of DP (0.01 mg/L). Significantly increasing trends were obtained in the streamflow and baseflow DP loads and the flow-weighted concentrations (Mann-Kendall test, Zs > 2.56, p less then 0.01) because of the changes of hydro-meteorological conditions. This indicates that, in the context of global climate change, baseflow DP export would be one of key issues for nonpoint source pollution control in the intensive agricultural watershed.