https://www.selleckchem.com/products/upadacitinib.html T lymphocyte mediated acute rejection is a significant complication following solid organ transplantation. Standard methods of monitoring for acute rejection rely on assessing histologic tissue damage but do not define the immunopathogenesis. Additionally, current therapies for rejection broadly blunt cellular immunity, creating a high risk for opportunistic infections. There is therefore a need to better understand the process of acute cellular rejection to help develop improved prognostic tests and narrowly targeted therapies. Through next-generation sequencing (NGS), we characterized and compared the clonal T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of graft infiltrating lymphocytes (GILs) and blood derived lymphocytes from a hand transplant recipient over 420 days following transplantation. We also tracked the TCR clonal persistence and V beta (BV) gene usage, evaluating overlap between these 2 compartments. TCR repertories of blood and GIL populations remained distinct throughout the sampling period, and diosticate rejection based on TCR clonal repertoires. Finally, the distinct TCR BV usage bias in GILs raises the possibility for prevention and therapy of acute cellular rejection based on targeting of specific TCR clones.The gold standard therapy for advanced stage heart failure is cardiac transplantation. Since the first heart transplant in 1967, the majority of hearts transplanted came from brain death donors. Nevertheless, in recent years, the option of donation after circulatory death (DCD) is gaining importance in order to increase donor pool. Currently, heart transplant programs using controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) have been implemented in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Australia, USA and, recently, in Spain.In this article, we performed a concise review of the literature in heart cDCD, we summarize the pathophysiology involved in ischemia and reperfusion injury during this process, the diff