https://www.selleckchem.com/products/grl0617.html The chemical coupling of a protoplasmatic antigen from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratubeculosis onto core-shell carboxylated particles was investigated with the aim of producing latex-protein complexes to be used in immunoagglutination assays capable of detecting bovine paratuberculosis disease. For this purpose, sensitizations were carried out using both colored and not colored carboxylated latexes as well as the protoplasmatic antigen at pH close to its isoelectric point to favor the antigenic protein to approach the particle surface. In all cases, higher fractions of proteins were chemically-bound to carboxyl groups on the surface of the particles. The assessment of the performance of the visual immunoagglutination assays consisted of evaluating 111 sera from healthy and infected bovines with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Complexes obtained from the colored latex allowed an acceptable visual discrimination between the studied positive and negative sera. Most of the positive samples showed strong to very strong agglutination and only a few samples reacted weakly, i.e. a sensitivity of 70%. The specificity of the assay, on the other hand, was 86%. Therefore, this rapid detection technique allows an easy and inexpensive identification of animals possibly infected with paratuberculosis "in situ" in the herds.Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a group of autosomal-dominantly inherited ataxia and is classified into SCA1-48 by the difference of causal genes. Several SCA-causing proteins commonly impair dendritic development in primary cultured Purkinje cells (PCs). We assume that primary cultured PCs expressing SCA-causing proteins are available as in vitro SCA models and that chemicals that improve the impaired dendritic development would be effective for various SCAs. We have recently revealed that D-cysteine enhances the dendritic growth of primary cultured PCs via hydrogen sulfide production. In the pre