https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cbr-470-1.html A previously defined tissue matrix damage score was used to quantify the extent of fracturing and cracking in the matrix. The cell death (PCD) was counted and presented as a percentage against all cells live plus dead. The energy absorbed was 36.5% higher in G1 than in G0 (p = 0.034). However, the damage score and PCD of samples in the G1 group was much larger than the G0 group, ~300% and 161% respectively. Microscopy showed that cell death is associated to both matrix compaction and further fibrillar destructuring from the ECM to the territorial matrix regions of the chondron. Following impact loading, cartilage tissue that appears normal but contains sub-micron fibrillar matrix destructuring responds with significantly increased cell death. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder, which causes wide range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Several studies demonstrated structural and functional brain alterations using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Recently, diffusion-based brain MRI studies in patients with OSA showed changes in diffusion measures that represent various impairments of white matter (WM) integrity. The various finding may be due to diffusion indices employed for detection of neural impairment at the microstructural level, phase of the disease and the goals of studies. We aimed to identify a common abnormal WM pattern across the previous studies. We reviewed related literature in EMBASE, Scopus and PubMed databases and identified 13 studies that meet our selection criteria. The current data pointed to WM integrity changes in corpus callosum, cingulate cortex, corticospinal tract, insular cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic sites. These regions mainly contribute in mood, autonomic and cardiovascular regulation. Widespread use of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) parameters provides insight into the pathophysiology of OSA, stage of the disease and planning