815; p = 0.007), percent predicted diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) (coefficient -0.004; p = 0.008), and percent predicted inspiratory capacity (coefficient -0.004; p = 0.012) were significantly associated with ADC in COPD patients. In meta-analysis of correlation coefficients, ADC was significantly correlated with FEV1 (r = -0.62; p < 0.00001), FEV1/FVC (r = -0.80; p < 0.00001), DLCO (r = -0.85; p < 0.00001), functional residual capacity (r = 0.71; p < 0.00001), reserve volume (r = 0.53; p = 0.0001), and emphysema index (r = 0.89; p < 0.00001).
 
  Hyperpolarized 
  He MRI measured ADC was higher in COPD patients than in healthy individuals and was inversely associated with FEV1, FEV1/FVC, DLCO, and inspiratory capacity.
 Hyperpolarized 3 He MRI measured ADC was higher in COPD patients than in healthy individuals and was inversely associated with FEV1, FEV1/FVC, DLCO, and inspiratory capacity.Welwitschia mirabilis, which is endemic to the Namib Desert, is the only living species within the family Welwitschiaceae. This species has an extremely long lifespan of up to 2,000 years and bears a single pair of opposite leaves that persist whilst alive. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms and evolution of the species remain poorly elucidated. Here, we report on a chromosome-level genome assembly for W. mirabilis, with a 6.30-Gb genome sequence and contig N50 of 27.50 Mb. In total, 39,019 protein-coding genes were predicted from the genome. Two brassinosteroid-related genes (BRI1 and CYCD3), key regulators of cell division and elongation, were strongly selected in W. mirabilis and may contribute to their long ever-growing leaves. Furthermore, 29 gene families in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway showed significant expansion, which may contribute to the desert adaptations of the plant.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/crt0066101-dihydrochloride.html  Three positively selected genes (EHMT1, EIF4E, SOD2) may be involved in the mechanisms leading to long lifespan. Based on molecular clock dating and fossil calibrations, the divergence time of W. mirabilis and Gnetum montanum was estimated at ~123.5 million years ago. Reconstruction of population dynamics from genome data coincided well with the aridification of the Namib Desert. The genome sequence detailed in the current study provides insight into the evolution of W. mirabilis and should be an important resource for further study on gnetophyte and gymnosperm evolution.Primary tumors in the middle mediastinum are rare and pose diagnostic challenges. Lymphomas, mediastinal cysts and thymomas most frequently affect this anatomic area. Primary cardiac tumors are rare and constitute a differential diagnosis for the inferior middle mediastinum. Surgical exploration and resection is often mandatory in order to make a definitive diagnosis. Here, we report the case of a 69 year-old women who presented with persistent dyspnea. A complete preoperative workup revealed a large tissular mass adjacent to the right atrium. A diagnosis of a typical epicardial cavernous hemangioma was made following surgical resection.Eco-friendly, electrochemically active electrode materials based on covalent graphene derivatives offer enormous potential for energy storage applications. However, covalent grafting of functional groups onto the graphene surface is challenging due to its low reactivity. Here, fluorographene chemistry was employed to graft an arginine moiety via its guanidine group homogeneously on both sides of graphene. By tuning the reaction conditions and adding a non-toxic pore-forming agent, an optimum degree of functionalization and hierarchical porosity was achieved in the material. This tripled the specific surface area and yielded a high capacitance value of approximately 390 F g-1 at a current density of 0.25 A g-1 . The applicability of the electrode material was investigated under typical operating conditions by testing an assembled supercapacitor device for up to 30000 charging/discharging cycles, revealing capacitance retention of 82.3 %. This work enables the preparation of graphene derivatives with covalently grafted amino acids for technologically important applications, such as supercapacitor-based energy storage.During radiotherapy, the organs and tumour move as a result of the dynamic nature of the body; this is known as intrafraction motion. Intrafraction motion can result in tumour underdose and healthy tissue overdose, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the treatment while increasing toxicity to the patients. There is a growing appreciation of intrafraction target motion management by the radiation oncology community. Real-time image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) can track the target and account for the motion, improving the radiation dose to the tumour and reducing the dose to healthy tissue. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches have been applied to motion management and have shown great potential. In this review, four main categories of motion management using AI are summarised marker-based tracking, markerless tracking, full anatomy monitoring and motion prediction. Marker-based and markerless tracking approaches focus on tracking the individual target throughout the treatment. Full anatomy algorithms monitor for intrafraction changes in the full anatomy within the field of view. Motion prediction algorithms can be used to account for the latencies due to the time for the system to localise, process and act.Molecule-aggregation organic electrodes in principle have the capability for "single-molecule-energy-storage" in metal-ion rechargeable batteries, which indicates that the same organic electrode can be simultaneously applied to multiple metal-ion rechargeable batteries. In this study, the polyanionic organic compound 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (Na2 AQ26DS, 130 mAh g-1 ) is used as a common cathode and metal bismuth (Bi) as a common anode to simultaneously assemble low-cost Na-ion and K-ion full cells. The Na-ion full cells can deliver the peak discharge capacity of 139 mAh g-1 cathode at 0.5-3.0 V, and the K-ion full cells can show the peak discharge capacity of 130 mAh g-1 cathode at 0.5-3.0 V. These results are comparable to the best organic-based Na-ion and K-ion full cells reported to date.