05; 5h p<0.01) and a standard high fibre bread (5h p<0.05). Concurrently, significant increases in plasma FA levels were observed, at 2h (p<0.01) after consumption of the enzyme-treated bread, relative to control treatments. Blood pressure, heart rate, DVP-SI and DVP-RI were not significantly altered following intake of any of the breads (p>0.05).
 
  Dietary intake of bread, processed enzymatically to release FA from arabinoxylan fiber during production increases the bioavailability of FA, and induces acute endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
 
  NO NCT03946293. WEBSITE www.clinicaltrials.gov.
 NO NCT03946293. WEBSITE www.clinicaltrials.gov.
  To evaluate the nutritional risk and therapy in severe and critical patients with COVID-19.
 
  A total of 523 patients enrolled from four hospitals in Wuhan, China. The inclusion time was from January 2, 2020 to February 15. Clinical characteristics and laboratory values were obtained from electronic medical records, nursing records, and related examinations.
 
  Of these patients, 211 (40.3%) were admitted to the ICU and 115 deaths (22.0%). Patients admitted to the ICU had lower BMI and plasma protein levels. The median Nutrition risk in critically ill (NUTRIC) score of 211 patients in the ICU was 5 (4, 6) and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) score was 5 (3, 6). The ratio of parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy in non-survivors was greater than that in survivors, and the time to start nutrition therapy was later than that in survivors. The NUTRIC score can independently predict the risk of death in the hospital (OR=1.197, 95%CI 1.091-1.445, p=0.006) and high NRS score patients have a higher risk of poor outcome in the ICU (OR=1.880, 95%CI 1.151-3.070, p=0.012). After adjusted age and sex, for each standard deviation increase in BMI, the risk of in-hospital death was reduced by 13% (HR=0.871, 95%CI 0.795-0.955, p=0.003), and the risk of ICU transfer was reduced by 7% (HR=0.932, 95%CI0.885-0.981, p=0.007). The in-hospital survival time of patients with albumin level ≤35g/L was significantly decreased (15.9d, 95% CI 13.7-16.3, vs 24.2d, 95% CI 22.3-29.7, p<0.001).
 
  Severe and critical patients with COVID-19 have a high risk of malnutrition. Low BMI and protein levels were significantly associated with adverse events. Early nutritional risk screening and therapy for patients with COVID-19 are necessary.
 Severe and critical patients with COVID-19 have a high risk of malnutrition. Low BMI and protein levels were significantly associated with adverse events. Early nutritional risk screening and therapy for patients with COVID-19 are necessary.
  Hemorrhage occurs in 7-10% of patients treated with vitamin K antagonist (VKA), with major bleeding in 1-3%. Impact of nutritional status on the bleeding risk of patients on anticoagulants is still poorly documented. Our study aimed to analyze the link between the nutritional status of patients on VKA and the occurrence of hemorrhagic events. We also analyzed micronutrients status.
 
  A case-control, monocentric, and prospective study was conducted from August 2012 to October 2015. The case patients were those presenting with major bleeding and control patients those without any bleeding under VKA treatment.
 
  Overall, 294 patients under VKA treatment were paired according to age, gender, and index normalized ratio (INR). Out of these, 98 (33.3%) had major bleeding and 196 (66.7%) did not have any bleeding. Additionally, more than two-thirds of patients displayed undernutrition, which was more prevalent in bleeding than non-bleeding patients (OR=1.85, CI95% 1.07-3.21). There was a higher bleeding risk for those with severe undernutrition (OR=2.66, CI95% 1.58-4.46), with no difference found concerning moderate undernutrition. Bleeding patients had lower plasma-zinc concentrations than non-bleeding patients (9.4±3.6 vs. 10.5±3.7μmol/L, p=0.003); among them, there was a higher rate of patients with plasma zinc under 5μmol/L (9% vs. 2%, p<0.001).
 
  Patients with undernutrition on VKA exhibit a significantly higher bleeding risk, which increases three-fold in case of severe undernutrition. The evaluation of nutritional status provides additional, valuable prognosis information prior to initiating VKA therapy. CLINICALTRIALS.
 
  NCT01742871.
 NCT01742871.
  Plasma citrulline, a non-protein amino acid, is a biochemical marker of small intestine enterocyte mass in humans. Indeed, citrulline is highly correlated with residual bowel length in patients with short bowel syndrome. It is known to be synthesised in epithelial cells of the small intestine from other amino acids (precursors). Citrulline is then released into systemic circulation and interconverted into arginine in kidneys. If plasma citrulline concentration depends on abundance of intestinal amino acid transporters is not known. The aim of the present study was to explore whether plasma citrulline concentration correlates with the expression of intestinal amino acid transporters. Furthermore, we assessed if arginine in urine correlates with plasma citrulline.
 
  Duodenal samples, blood plasma and urine were collected from 43 subjects undergoing routine gastroduodenoscopy. mRNA expression of seven basolateral membrane amino acid transporters/transporter subunits were assessed by real-time PCR. Plasma and ucitrulline efflux from enterocytes. Furthermore, urine arginine correlated with plasma citrulline, indicating arginine in the urine as possible additional marker for small intestine enterocyte mass.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Mycophenolic-acid(Mycophenolate).html  Finally, basolateral LAT4 expression along the human small intestine was shown for the first time.
 In this study, we showed for the first time that small intestinal basolateral LAT4 expression correlates with plasma citrulline concentration. This finding indicates that LAT4 has an important function in mediating citrulline efflux from enterocytes. Furthermore, urine arginine correlated with plasma citrulline, indicating arginine in the urine as possible additional marker for small intestine enterocyte mass. Finally, basolateral LAT4 expression along the human small intestine was shown for the first time.