This article is a short study of the application of high-power quantum cascade lasers and photodetectors in medium-infrared optical wireless communications (OWC). The link range is mainly determined by the transmitted beam parameters and the performance of the light sensor. The light power and the photodetector noise directly determine the signal-to-noise power ratio. This ratio could be maximized in the case of minimizing the radiation losses caused by atmospheric attenuation. It can be obtained by applying both radiation sources and sensors operated in the medium infrared range decreasing the effects of absorption, scattering or scintillation, beam spreading, and beam wandering. The development of a new class of laser sources based on quantum cascade structures becomes a prospective alternative. Regarding the literature, there are descriptions of some preliminary research applying these lasers in data transmission. To provide a high data transfer rate, continuous wave (cw) lasers are commonly used. However, they are characterized by low power (a few tens of mWatts) limiting their link range. Also, only a few high-power pulsed lasers (a few hundreds of mWatts) were tested. Due to their limited pulse duty cycle, the obtained modulation bandwidth was lower than 1 MHz. The main goal of this study is to experimentally determine the capabilities of the currently developed state-of-the-art high-power pulsed quantum cascade (QC) lasers and photodetectors in OWC systems. Finally, the data link range using optical pulses of a QC laser of ~2 W, operated at the wavelength of ~4.5 µm, is discussed.Previous research has demonstrated that rapeseed sprouts obtained under salinity demonstrate greater phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to those sprouted with distilled water. This work aimed to test the hypothesis that these effects of salinity may persist into the next generation, so that offspring seeds of plants grown under salt stress may give edible sprouts with increased phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Plants of one rapeseed cultivar were grown in pots with 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl, isolated from each other at flowering to prevent cross-pollination. Offspring seeds harvested from each salinity treatment were then sprouted with distilled water. We performed the extraction of free and bound phenolic fractions of sprouts and, in each fraction (methanolic extract), we determined the total polyphenols (P), flavonoids, (F), and tannins (T) with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the phenolic acids (PAs) by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographs (UHPLC) analysis, and the antioxidant activity with three tests (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate, DPPH; ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP; 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] diammonium salt, ABTS). Individual seed weight was slightly decreased by salinity, whereas germination performance was improved, with a lower mean germination time for salted treatments. No significant differences were observed among treatments for P, F and T, except for bound P, while, in most cases, single PAs (as free, bound and total fractions) and antioxidant activity were significantly increased in salted treatments. Our results open new perspectives for the elicitation of secondary metabolites in the offspring seeds by growing parental plants under stressing conditions, imposed on purpose or naturally occurring.Obesity and prediabetes are the two strongest risk factors of type 2 diabetes. It has been reported that TOTUM-63, a polyphenol-rich plant extract, has beneficial effects on body weight (BW) and insulin resistance in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). The study aim was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or TOTUM-63 supplementation improved body composition and glycemic control and gut microbiota composition in a Western diet-induced obesity rat model. Wistar rats received a standard diet (CTRL; control; n = 12) or HFD (HFD; n = 48) for 16 weeks. Then, HFD rats were divided in four groups HFD, HFD + TOTUM-63 (T63), HFD + HIIT (HIIT), and HFD + HIIT +T63 (HIIT + T63). Training was performed 4 days/week for 12 weeks. TOTUM-63 was included in diet composition (2%). The HIIT + T63 combination significantly limited BW gain, without any energy intake modulation, and improved glycemic control. BW variation was correlated with increased α-diversity of the colon mucosa microbiota in the HIIT + T63 group. Moreover, the relative abundance of Anaeroplasma, Christensenellaceae and Oscillospira was higher in the HIIT + T63 group. Altogether, these results suggest that the HIIT and TOTUM-63 combination could be proposed for the management of obesity and prediabetes.Due to the redundancy of the genetic code most amino acids are encoded by multiple synonymous codons. It has been proposed that a biased frequency of synonymous codons can affect the function of proteins by modulating distinct steps in transcription, translation and folding. Here, we use two similar prototype K+ channels as model systems to examine whether codon choice has an impact on protein sorting. By monitoring transient expression of GFP-tagged channels in mammalian cells, we find that one of the two channels is sorted in a codon and cell cycle-dependent manner either to mitochondria or the secretory pathway. The data establish that a gene with either rare or frequent codons serves, together with a cell-state-dependent decoding mechanism, as a secondary code for sorting intracellular membrane proteins.Osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the most common chronic, debilitating musculoskeletal conditions. Current conservative treatment modalities such as weight loss, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intra-articular steroid injections often only provide temporary pain relief and are unsatisfactory for long-term management. Though end stage osteoarthritis of the knee can be managed with total knee arthroplasty (TKA), finding alternative non-surgical options to delay or prevent the need for TKA are needed due to the increased healthcare costs and expenditures associated with TKA.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ms-275.html  Exosomes have been of particular interest given recent findings highlighting that stem cells may at least partially mediate some of their effects through the release of extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes. As such, better understanding the biological mechanisms and potential therapeutic effects of these exosomes is necessary. Here, we review in vivo studies that highlight the potential clinical use of exosomes derived from non-classical sources (not bone marrow or adipose derived MSCs derived MSCs) for osteoarthritis of the knee.