https://www.selleckchem.com/products/az20.html The nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway has been shown to provide strong protection against oxidative stress injury induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR). However, the endogenous regulatory mechanism of the NRF2/ARE pathway in renal IR injury is incompletely understood. A rat model of renal IR was established by occlusion of the bilateral renal pedicle for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Renal injury was assessed by light microscopy and levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Renal oxidative stress was also evaluated by measuring superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in renal tissues. Protein expression levels of brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) in the kidney were deterhich might prompt new therapeutic strategies associated with the diurnal variability of human kidney disease, including renal transplantation.Primary sternal osteomyelitis (PSO) caused by Salmonella is a rare condition and most commonly associated with sickle cell disease. Only one such case has been previously reported in an infant (age, less then 1 year) worldwide. The present study reported on two infantile cases of PSO caused by Salmonella in the absence of any hematological diseases. A total of two male infants (age, ≤1 year) were referred to our hospital for fever and rapid breathing accompanied by a chest wall mass involving the lower end of the sternum. Imaging findings on CT and ultrasound, which included sternal segment dislocation, lytic destruction and periosteal elevation, confirmed the diagnosis of PSO. Blood and purulent material cultures confirmed that the causative pathogen was Salmonella. The infan