https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gw-441756.html 02). In patients with PD-L1 tumour proportion score (TPS) ≥50 %, current smokers continued to experience better ORR to anti-PD-1 therapy than never smokers (58 % vs 19 %; p = 0.03). Current smoking was associated with higher response even after adjusting for level of PD-L1 TPS expression (adjusted odds ratio 5.9, 95 % CI 1.6-25.0, p = 0.03). Exploratory analysis demonstrated higher 1-year survival rates in smokers compared to never smokers (p = 0.003). Smoking remains an important factor associated with response to anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Advanced NSCLC patients with positive PD-L1 expression are more likely to respond to anti-PD-1 monotherapy if they are current smokers compared to never smokers. Smoking remains an important factor associated with response to anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Advanced NSCLC patients with positive PD-L1 expression are more likely to respond to anti-PD-1 monotherapy if they are current smokers compared to never smokers. Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are subdivided in carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas (small cell lung carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC)), based on the presence of necrosis and mitotic index (MI). However, it is unclear if tumors with well differentiated morphology but high proliferation rate should be regarded as LCNEC or as high grade carcinoids. In , a longer overall survival then expected in LCNEC has been suggested. We describe 7 of those cases analyzed for pRb expression and overall survival. Cases with well differentiated morphology, but MI > 10/2mm and/or Ki-67 proliferation index >20% were selected based on pathology reports of consecutive NENs in our university medical center (Maastricht UMC+, 2007-2018) and confirmed by pathological review. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess pRb expression. Seven stage IV cases were included in this study. Median overall survival was 8 months (95% confidence interval 5-11 months). #link