https://www.selleckchem.com/products/4-aminobutyric-acid.html The number of patients with osteoarthritis has gradually increased with population aging. Total hip replacement is typically required in patients with severe arthritis. Because hospitals are reducing the allowable length of hospital stays, joint function recovery and quality of life after surgery are issues of increasing concern in this population. 1. To track changes in hip function, lower limb function, and health-related quality of life before and after total hip replacement surgery. 2. To examine the correlation between basic demographic data and hip function, lower limb function, and health-related quality of life. A longitudinal study with convenient sampling was used. Thirty patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty were recruited. Data were collected before the operation and at two weeks, six weeks, and three months after the operation. The results were as follows. (1) At two weeks after the operation, lower limb function and quality of life were significantly worse than before the opnts undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Obstetric nursing laboratory courses typically involve both time and credit limitations. Using traditional teaching methods such as "teacher demonstrate, students imitate" in these courses provides insufficient opportunities for students to develop the ideal level of maternity nursing expertise. Lack of sufficient familiarity with the relevant techniques, procedures, and clinical scenarios prior to participation in internships reduces the level of safety in clinical care environments. (1) To explore the effectiveness as perceived by baccalaureate nursing students of an obstetric nursing laboratory classes based on a flipped teaching model; (2) To examine the application of a flipped teaching model in obstetric nursing laboratory classes as well as the problems encountered and the actions necessary to resolve these problems. The findings may be used as a reference for fut