https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gdc-0068.html Investigating the role of Reg3B as a protective factor in colitis, we found that Reg3B-KO mice display increased inflammation and less crypt proliferation in the DSS colitis model. Propionate decreased colitis and increased proliferation. Treatment of organoids exposed to DSS with Reg3B or propionate reversed the chemical injury with a loss of expression of the stem-cell marker Lgr5 and Olfm4. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Clostridia can regulate Reg3-associated epithelial homeostasis through propionate signaling. We also provide evidence that the Reg3-propionate axis may be an important mediator of gut epithelial regeneration in colitis. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.The objectives were to determine the effects of forage level and grain processing on whole-body urea kinetics, N balance, serosal-to-mucosal urea flux (Jsm-urea), and mRNA abundance of urea transporter-B (UT-B; SLC14a1) and aquaporins (AQP) in ovine ruminal, duodenal, and cecal epithelia. Thirty-two wether lambs were blocked by BW into groups of 4 and assigned to 1 of 4 diets (n = 8) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Dietary factors were forage level (30% [LF] vs. 70% [HF]) and corn grain processing (whole-shelled [WS] vs. steam-flaked [SF]). Four blocks of lambs (n = 4) were used to determine urea kinetics and N balance using 4-d [15N15N]-urea infusions with concurrent fecal and urine collections. Lambs were killed after 23 d of dietary adaptation. Ruminal, duodenal, and cecal epithelia were collected to determine Jsm-urea and mRNA abundance of UT-B and AQP. Lambs fed LF had greater intakes of dry matter (DMI; 1.20 vs. 0.86 kg/d) and N (NI; 20.1 vs 15.0 g/d) than those fed HF (P less then 0.01). Lambs fed SF ha then 0.01) in lambs fed HF compared to LF (77.5 vs. 57.2 nmol/[cm2 × h]). Lam