Anaerobic co-digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste with solid content greater than 20% and chicken manure was investigated using leach-bed reactors in the framework of Middle East and North African countries. The objectives of the experiments were to determine the optimal ratio of organic fraction, chicken manure and solid inoculum, to compare temperature conditions and usage of liquid inoculum or water in percolation process. The highest specific methane yield (SMY) (236 LN ∙ kg-1 VS) was received in the reactors with 20/80 organic fraction/solid inoculum ratio under thermophilic conditions with liquid inoculum percolation. Under the same conditions but mesophilic temperature, SMY dropped by 12%. Replacing liquid inoculum by water led to 172 LN ∙ kg-1 VS. Addition of chicken manure to the substrate mixture positively influences a start-up phase and keeps pH in optimal range 6.5-8, despite the high ammonia concentration.Photosynthetic algae represent a large, diverse bioresource potential. Yellow-green algae of the genus Tribonema are candidates for production of biofuels and other bioproducts. We report on a filamentous isolate from an outdoor raceway polyculture growing on municipal reclaimed wastewater which we classified as T. minus. Over one year of cultivation in 3.5 m2 raceway ponds fed by reclaimed municipal wastewater, T. minus cultures were more productive than the native algal polycultures, with annual average productivities of 15.9 ± 0.3 and 13.4 ± 0.4 g/m2/day, respectively. The biochemical composition of T. minus biomass grown outdoors was constant year-round, with 28.3 ± 0.4% carbohydrates, 37.6 ± 0.7% proteins, and 6.1 ± 0.3% fatty acids (measured as methyl esters), with up to 4.0% of the valuable omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, on an ash-free dry-weight basis. In summary, T. minus was more productive, easier to harvest and produced higher quality biomass than the native polycultures.This paper proposes a conceptual design for the catalytic supercritical water gasification of soybean straw. The design consists of four process units for pretreatment, gasification, separation, purification and combustion. The economic feasibility of hydrogen production was evaluated based on a comprehensive cash flow analysis. The economic analysis suggested a minimum selling price of U.S. $1.94/kg for hydrogen. The cost of hydrogen produced is relatively lower compared to that of other biomass conversion processes. Besides, the net rate of return (NRR) estimated was 37.1%. A positive NRR value indicates that the project is profitable from an economic perspective. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the minimum selling price of hydrogen is affected by the feedstock price, utility cost, tax rate and labor cost. Moreover, feedstock price and labor cost show the greatest effect. Other factors such as land cost, working capital and utility cost showed the least effect on the minimum selling price.In this study, the reduction mechanism of using CO to reduce biomass-oxidized pellets (BOP) and general-oxidized pellets (GOP) was deeply analyzed. The effect of biomass addition on the reduction of oxidized pellets and the change of reduction kinetics were studied. The addition of 2 wt% biomass into pellets increases pores of the oxidized pellets, promotes the rate of CO entering the pellets and the overflow of CO2, which results in faster reduction of the oxidized pellets. The reduction reactions of BOP and GOP were controlled by internal diffusion, mixing control and interface control sequentially. Also, addition of the biomass to the pellets decreases the activation energy required for their reduction, from 87.30 to 80.65 kJ·mol-1. The addition of biomass shortens the reduction time by 3% which can reduce the energy consumption. Therefore, the biomass together with CO enhances the reduction of oxidized pellets and has real environmental benefits.Fixed-bed baffled reactors packed with carbon fiber (CFBR), polyurethane, or non-woven fabrics were developed to support microbial nitrification-denitrification reactions for nitrogen removal from synthetic aquaculture wastewater. The CFBR showed the best performance, with a short hydraulic retention time and low C/N ratio. Microbial communities in the reactor's biofilms and deposited sludge were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reactions.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/phtpp.html  The biofilms efficiently enriched the nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the CFBR. Moreover, bacteria capable of denitrification under aerobic conditions were detected in the aerobic chamber biofilm, showing positive correlations with the main nitrifiers and denitrifiers, which provides potential synergistic interactions for simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in the aerobic chamber. A network analysis revealed that the CFBR had more complex cooperative interactions than others. This study provides insights into the influence of different carrier materials on biofilm formation, proving that the CFBR has potential applications in aquaculture wastewater treatment.This study proposed a cation-regulation strategy based on metal ion removal coupled Na+-regulation for enhancing anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. The optimal treatment condition was cation-exchange resin dosage of 1.75 g/g SS for 1-day treatment, followed by Na+-enhanced anaerobic fermentation at NaCl concentration of 20 g/L. The CER induced sludge solubilization and the Na+-regulation treatment triggered secondary hydrolysis of CER-solubilized sludge, causing remarkable sludge disintegration and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) disruption. Numerous SCOD of 6588 mg/L (SCOD/TCOD = 40.6%) was released within 2 days, and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of 439.9 mg COD/g VSS was produced through 4-day anaerobic fermentation. More than 59% of the SCFAs was composed of acetate and propionate. Nitrogen-free organic matters (i.e. SCFAs and carbohydrates) accounted for 77.9% of SCOD, while considerable sludge solid reduction (51.6% of total VSS) was achievable, which was beneficial for fermentative liquid utilization and sludge disposal.