https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sorafenib.html Diphtheria has re-emerged over the past several years. There is a paucity of data on the administration and safety of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT), the standard treatment for diphtheria. The 2017-2018 outbreak among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh was the largest in decades. We determined the outcomes of DAT-treated patients and describe the occurrence and risk factors associated with adverse reactions to DAT. We conducted a retrospective study at the Médecins Sans Frontières Rubber Garden Diphtheria Treatment Center from December 2017-September 2018. Diphtheria was diagnosed based on the WHO clinical case criteria. High-acuity patients were eligible for DAT. Safety precautions were meticulously maintained. We calculated the presence of adverse events by age, duration of illness, and DAT dosage using bivariate comparisons. We treated 709 patients with DAT. Ninety-eight percent (n=696) recovered and were discharged. One-fourth (n=170) had at least one adverse reaction. Common reactions included cough (n=11d attention to safety precautions. Some patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) do not respond to vedolizumab treatment despite adequate drug exposure in serum. This study aimed to investigate vedolizumab in tissue and questioned whether insufficient tissue exposure could explain non-response in UC patients with adequate serum vedolizumab concentrations. A paired serum sample and colonic mucosal biopsy was collected from 40 UC patients (20 endoscopic responders, 20 non-responders) at week 14 of vedolizumab treatment. Vedolizumab, soluble (s)-mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), s-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and s-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured in serum and/or tissue. Endoscopic response was defined as Mayo endoscopic sub-score ≤1. A significant positive correlation was observed between vedolizumab serum and colonic tissue concentrations (ρ = 0.84, p<0.0001), re