https://www.selleckchem.com/products/prt062607-p505-15-hcl.html Image resolution is one of the most important performance specifications of aerial display techniques. However, there is no standard method for evaluating the aerial image resolution. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) of an aerial imaging system based on the slanted knife edge method. We hypothesize that aerial images have a different blur function from standard camera images. In order to explore this, we simulate blurred slanted knife edge images by convolving two types of blur functions. Furthermore, the MTF curves of the aerial image formed using different retro-reflectors are compared using the proposed method.Retroreflection can be achieved by phase gradient imparted by super-cells of metasurfaces. Nevertheless, in most cases, retroreflection can only be achieved for one specific polarization. In this paper, we propose an alternative design strategy and reveal that a polarization-independent multi-channel metasurface based on extraordinary optical diffraction (EOD) can achieve high-efficient retroreflection. A unary unit cell, instead of binary unit cells, is employed to canalize impinging EM waves along targeted diffraction channels. Under oblique incidence, only the -1st diffraction order is maintained and the 0th order and others are suppressed through structural design while the reflection is unaffected under normal incidence. In this way, we can achieve retroreflection in three channels. A proof-of-principle prototype was designed, fabricated and measured to verify this design strategy. The prototype can operate at 20.0 GHz under the incident angle of ±48.6° and 0° with the efficiency of retroreflection about 90%. Both the simulated and measured results show an excellent performance of retroreflection along the three channels, regardless of the polarization state of incident waves. This method offers a fast implementation for retrodirective