We argue that public value models provide a useful approach in this regard. According to public value theory, public value is created, or captured, to the extent that public sector institutions further their democratically established goals, and their impact on improving the lives of citizens.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/icfsp1.html  This article outlines how adopting such an approach might be operationalized within existing health care systems such as the English National Health Service, with particular focus on actionable conclusions. ©James Wilson, Daniel Herron, Parashkev Nachev, Nick McNally, Bryan Williams, Geraint Rees. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http//www.jmir.org), 27.03.2020.BACKGROUND As people living with HIV infection require lifelong treatment, nonadherence to medication will reduce their chance of maintaining viral suppression and increase the risk of developing drug resistance and HIV transmission. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a mobile app, Mobile Interactive Supervised Therapy (MIST), for improving adherence to oral HIV medications among HIV-infected adults in Singapore. METHODS We conducted a two-group pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a process evaluation, in which 40 HIV-infected participants with once-daily medication regimes were recruited from a public tertiary hospital in Singapore and randomly assigned equally to either the intervention (receiving MIST and routine care) or control (receiving routine care only) groups. The intervention lasted for 2 months. The outcome of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence was measured by a 7-day recall self-report (SR), pill count (PC), an electronic medical device-Medication Event Monitoringvaluation provided useful data to further develop MIST for bigger and long-term mobile phone app-assisted intervention RCTs in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03794648; https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03794648. ©Yan Pang, James Steven Molton, Wei Tsang Ooi, Nicholas Iain Paton, Hong-Gu He. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (http//mhealth.jmir.org), 27.03.2020.BACKGROUND Smartphone apps promoting physical activity (PA) are abundant, but few produce substantial and sustained behavior change. Although many PA apps purport to induce users to compare themselves with others (by invoking social comparison processes), improvements in PA and other health behaviors are inconsistent. Existing literature suggests that social comparison may motivate PA for some people under some circumstances. However, 2 aspects of work that apply social comparison theory to PA apps remain unclear (1) how comparison processes have been operationalized or harnessed in existing PA apps and (2) whether incorporating sources of variability in response to comparison have been used to tailor comparison features of apps, which could improve their effectiveness for promoting PA. OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-review was to summarize existing systematic, quantitative, and narrative reviews of behavior change techniques in PA apps, with an emphasis on social comparison features, to examine how social cohese mHealth tools. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-https//osf.io/nh4td/. ©Danielle Arigo, Megan M Brown, Kristen Pasko, Jerry Suls. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http//www.jmir.org), 27.03.2020.BACKGROUND Technological surrogate nursing (TSN) derives from the idea that nurse-caregiver substitutes can be created by technology to support chronic disease self-care. OBJECTIVE This paper begins by arguing that TSN is a useful and viable approach to chronic disease self-care. The analysis then focuses on the empirical research question of testing and demonstrating the effectiveness and safety of prototype TSN supplied to patients with the typical complex chronic disease of coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension. At the policy level, it is shown that the data allow for a calibration of TSN technology augmentation, which can be readily applied to health care management. METHODS A 24-week, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed and implemented among diabetic and hypertensive outpatients in two Hong Kong public hospitals. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group, supplied with a tablet-based TSN app prototype, or to a conventional self-managing control group. P of safety and effectiveness when complex chronic illness is proximately self-managed by layperson patients, prompted the formulation of the empirical joint hypothesis that TSN would improve patient self-care while satisfying the condition of patient self-safety. Statistical and decision analysis applied to the experimental outcomes offered support for this hypothesis. Policy relevance of the research is demonstrated by the derivation of a data-grounded operational calibration of TSN technology augmentation with ready application to health care management. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02799953; https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02799953. ©Calvin Kalun Or, Kaifeng Liu, Mike K P So, Bernard Cheung, Loretta Y C Yam, Agnes Tiwari, Yuen Fun Emmy Lau, Tracy Lau, Pui Sze Grace Hui, Hop Chun Cheng, Joseph Tan, Michael Tow Cheung. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http//www.jmir.org), 27.03.2020.BACKGROUND The call light system is one of the major communication technologies that link nursing home staff to the needs of residents. By providing residents the ability to request assistance, the system becomes an indispensable resource for patient-focused health care. However, little is known about how call light systems are being used in nursing homes and how the system contributes to safety and quality of care for seniors. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to understand the experiences of nursing home staff who use call light systems and to uncover usability issues and challenges associated with the implemented systems. METHODS A mix of 150 hours of hypothetico-deductive (unstructured) task analysis and 90 hours of standard procedure (structured) task analysis was conducted in 4 different nursing homes. The data collected included insights into the nursing home's work system and the process of locating and responding to call lights. RESULTS The data showed that the highest alarm rate is before and after mealtimes.