https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Fluvastatin-Sodium(Lescol).html A case-study (epilepsy) is also presented, to demonstrate its application in a real context.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.Purpose State-run newborn screening programs screen nearly all babies born in the United States at the time of delivery. After newborn screening has been completed, some states store the residual dried bloodspots. It is unknown how they have been used to address health disparities-related research. Methods In 2017-2018, a scoping review was conducted to evaluate the extent, type, and nature of how residual dried bloodspots. The review included 654 eligible publications, worldwide, published before May 2017. A post hoc analysis of the US-based studies using residual dried bloodspots (n = 192) were analyzed. Results There were 32 (16.7%) articles identified that studied a condition of a known health disparity or focused on a key population 25 studies assessed a disease or condition, 6 expressly enrolled a key population, and 1 study included both (i.e., heart disease and African American/Black). Conclusion Excluding 12 studies that researched leukemia or a brain tumor, only 20 studies addressed a known health disparity, with 6 stating a specific aim to address a health disparity. This resource could be used to gain further knowledge about health disparities, but is currently underutilized.The formation of microbial biofilms enables single planktonic cells to assume a multicellular mode of growth. During dispersion, the final step of the biofilm life cycle, single cells egress from the biofilm to resume a planktonic lifestyle. As the planktonic state is considered to be more vulnerable to antimicrobial agents and immune responses, dispersion is being considered a promising avenue for biofilm control. In this Review, we discuss conditions that lead to dispersion and the mechanisms by which native and environmenta