https://www.selleckchem.com/products/4-phenylbutyric-acid-4-pba-.html Notwithstanding many efforts to increase the efficiency of anaerobic digestion at low-temperature (winter) conditions, a cost-effective and efficient method is lacking. This study proposes a low-cost method of low-temperature ( less then 35 °C) anaerobic digestion of wastewater, involving supplementation with granular activated carbon (GAC). Supplementation with GAC was found to reduce the lag time by 29.8% (from 15.1 to 10.6 days) and increase the maximum methane production rate by 23.4% (from 6.4 to 7.9 mL/day) at 25 °C. Network analysis demonstrated a strong co-occurrence of Syntrophobacteriales and hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanobacteriaceae; WSA2; Methanoregulaceae). GAC supplementation can drastically reduce the time required for organic matter decomposition and methane production, thereby increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment.This work studied three parallel pilot-scale constructed wetlands based on sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification (SAD-CWs) with horizontal, vertical-horizontal and integrated vertical inflow for nitrogen removal of municipal tailwater. SAD system played the predominant role for nitrate removal and the integrated vertical inflow pattern was the most efficient pattern with 96.1% NO3--N and 44.3% total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency, respectively, at the condition of 3.5 h hydraulic retention time (HRT) and 18.5-23.5 °C. Although no great and serious change for microbial community structure was observed among these systems, the diversity in term of abundance of microbes and certain function species was observed. Proteobacteria, Ignavibacterae and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla and accounted for over 59.1%, 7.5%, and 6.0% in SAD-CWs, respectively. Moreover, the richness and diversity of denitrifies in SAD-CWs with integrated vertical inflow were both higher than that in the other two reactors, especially sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria.