https://www.selleckchem.com/products/as2863619.html A Penicillium species isolated during a 1960s study on the ecology of fungi infecting Pinus radiata timber, and subsequently held in an in-house collection in Rotorua, New Zealand, was found to differ morphologically and in growth rate from two closely related Penicillium species. Phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin, calmodulin and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit regions (RPB2) confirmed this to be a new species closely related to Penicillium ochrochloron in the Rolfsiorum series of the Lanata-Divaricata section and Aspergilloides sub-genus. Micromorphologically, the new species is characterised by predominantly monoverticilliate and occasional divaricate or biverticilliate conidiophores and smooth-walled subglobose to slightly ovoid conidia with absence of conidiogenesis at 25 °C. This new species is described here as Penicillium rotoruae sp. nov. which has potential applications in biofuel and biorefining industry.Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a severe disease affecting recently stocked cultured shrimps. The disease is mainly caused by V. parahaemolyticus that harbors the pVA1 plasmid; this plasmid contains the pirA and pirB genes, which encode a delta-endotoxin. AHPND originated in China in 2009 and has since spread to several other Asian countries and recently to Latin America (2013). Many Asian strains have been sequenced, and their sequences are publicly accessible in scientific databases, but only four strains from Latin America have been reported. In this study, we analyzed nine pVA1-harboring V. parahaemolyticus sequences from strains isolated in Mexico along with the 38 previously available pVA1-harboring V. parahaemolyticus sequences and the reference strain RIMD 2210633. The studied sequences were clustered into three phylogenetic clades (Latin American, Malaysian, and Cosmopolitan) through pangenomic and phylogenomic analysis. The