are population.COVID-19 necessitated rapid changes in methadone take-home policies in opioid treatment programs (OTPs); these changes markedly contrast with existing, long-standing federal mandates on OTP rules about take-home methadone. OTP providers describe how these changes have affected clinical decision-making, equity in patient care, and workflow. We also discuss implications for medical ethics and patient autonomy. We provide suggestions for future research that will examine the impact of COVID-19 on OTP treatment and its patients, as well as the effect of making methadone take-home polices patient centered, all of which may foreshadow larger changes in the ways OTPs deliver their services.The basic idea of X-ray dark-field imaging (XDFI), first presented in 2000, was based on the concepts used in an X-ray interferometer. In this article, we review 20 years of developments in our theoretical understanding, scientific instrumentation, and experimental demonstration of XDFI and its applications to medical imaging. We first describe the concepts underlying XDFI that are responsible for imparting phase contrast information in projection X-ray images. We then review the algorithms that can convert these projection phase images into three-dimensional tomographic slices. Various implementations of computed tomography reconstructions algorithms for XDFI data are discussed. The next four sections describe and illustrate potential applications of XDFI in pathology, musculoskeletal imaging, oncologic imaging, and neuroimaging. The sample applications that are presented illustrate potential use scenarios for XDFI in histopathology and other clinical applications. Finally, the last section presents future perspectives and potential technical developments that can make XDFI an even more powerful tool.
  Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is the main complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), but the mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of complete resection of the gastric antrum in decreasing incidence and severity of DGE after PD.
 
  Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups expanded resection (ER group), complete resection (CR group), and incomplete resection (IR group) of the gastric antrum. The tension (g) of remnant stomach contraction was observed. We analyzed the histological morphology of the gastric wall by different excisional methods after distal gastrectomy. Moreover, patients underwent PD at our department between January 2012 and May 2016 were included in the study. These cases were divided into IR group and CR group of the gastric antrum, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.
 
  The ex vivo remnant stomachs of CR group exhibited much greater contraction tension than others (P < 0.05). The contraction tension of the remnant sto be the mechanism underlying DGE.
  The benefit of aneurysm sac coil embolisation (ASCE) during endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains unclear. This prospective randomised two centre study (SCOPE 1 Sac COil embolisation for Prevention of Endoleak) compared the outcomes of standard EVAR in patients with AAA at high risk of type II endoleak (EL with EVAR with ASCE during the period 2014-2019.
 
  Patients at high risk of type II EL were randomised to standard EVAR (group A) or EVAR with coil ASCE (group B). The primary endpoint was the rate of all types of EL during follow up. Secondary endpoints included freedom from type II EL related re-interventions, and aneurysm sac diameter and volume variation at two year follow up. Adverse events included type II EL and re-interventions. CTA and Duplex ultrasound scans were scheduled at 30 days, six months, one year, and two years after surgery.
 
  Ninety-four patients were enrolled, 47 in each group. There were no intra-operative complications. At M1, 16/47 early type in preventing EL at one, six, and at 12 months. However, the difference was not statistically significant at 24 months. ASCE decreases the re-intervention rate two years after EVAR.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/as601245.html  A significantly faster aneurysm volume shrinkage was observed at one and two years following surgery. (SCOPE 1 trial NCT01878240).
  To describe the variation in ways that registered nurses perceive and understand cognitive impairment in cardiac arrest survivors.
 
  A qualitative, inductive design with individual semi-structured interviews was applied. Data was analysed using a phenomenographic approach.
 
  The participants were nineteen Swedish registered nurses, experienced in cardiovascular care and providing follow-up care.
 
  The nurses perceived the cognitive impairment of the survivors in qualitatively different ways, as illustrated in two categories 'The perceptible and obvious' and 'The elusive and challenging'. The nurses perceived a variety of signs of cognitive impairment, emotional expressions related to these, and recovery from cognitive impairment. They perceived confidence in capturing cognitive function when they understood the signs of cognitive impairment as severe and obvious. However, it was perceived as difficult to assess cognitive function when impairments were subtle, resulting in uncertainty in terms of how to make assessments. Nurses made use of their own strategies for assessments, which were sometimes found to be inadequate when they understood that they had misinterpreted the survivors' cognitive impairment.
 
  Nurses feel uncertainty regarding detecting mild impairment in cardiac arrest survivors. By involving next of kin, nurses will gain a broader understanding of survivors' cognitive function.
 Nurses feel uncertainty regarding detecting mild impairment in cardiac arrest survivors. By involving next of kin, nurses will gain a broader understanding of survivors' cognitive function.
  To analyse the coping strategies of family members of patients admitted to intensive care units.
 
  A cross-sectional study developed with 70 relatives of patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
 
  An adult intensive care unit at a university hospital in Brazil.
 
  Coping strategies were identified by the Folkman and Lazarus Inventory of Coping Strategies and statistically compared to the sociodemographic data of family members and patients' clinical data.
 
  Coping strategies focused on emotion were the most used, especially those attributed to the escape-avoidance factor. There was a significant association (p<0.05) between women and the use of adaptive strategies focused on the problem; less education and lower income with maladaptive strategies focused on emotion; second-degree relatives and the positive reassessment factor; participants involved in religious activities and the social support factor. Regarding the clinical variables, patients admitted to the intensive care unit for more than seven days showed an association (p<0.