BACKGROUND Prematurity is the leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age globally and is also frequently associated with postnatal growth failure (PGF). Although most preterm births occur in low resource settings, little is known about their postnatal growth outcomes especially in rural areas. We evaluated the incidence and factors associated with PGF among preterm infants managed at a rural hospital in Uganda. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of preterm infants discharged from Kiwoko Hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from July 2017 to June 2018. Inclusion criteria included gestational age 26 up to but not including 37 weeks, admission within 24 h of birth and at least 7 days hospital stay. Exclusion criteria included major congenital anomalies and missing gestational age or birth weight. Birth and discharge weights from clinical notes were plotted on Fenton 2013 growth charts. Gestation age was determined by last normal menstruation period (LNMP), extracted from the mother's antf enteral feeds and sepsis were highly associated with postnatal growth failure. Enteral feeds should be initiated as soon as possible in these infants to reduce early protein deficits and hence postnatal growth failure.BACKGROUND A number of studies in the past have looked at determinants of postnatal care. However, many of them do not distinguish between postnatal care (PNC) before discharge and after discharge for women delivering at health facilities. Conceptually and practically, factors associated with PNC before discharge and after discharge should be different. This study examines key factors for maternal and newborn PNC before discharge. METHODS Data from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey were used for the study.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nolvadex.html  Three categorical endogenous variables examined in the study were whether or not mothers received a postnatal check between birth and facility discharge, whether or not newborns received a postnatal check between birth and facility discharge and whether or not women delivered by cesarean section. Delivery by cesarean section was considered as a mediator in the model. The main predictor of interest was type of health facility where women delivered. Other exogenous variables included were women had a complication. The same standard of quality PNC should be provided equitably across all types and affiliations of health facilities.BACKGROUND We report a rare case of spontaneous vesicorectal fistula. CASE PRESENTATION A 13-year-old female spina bifida patient who complained of fecal and urinary incontinence was eventually diagnosed with a spontaneous vesicorectal fistula. We hypothesized that infection, neurogenic bowel and neurogenic bladder caused her vesicorectal fistula. The patient refused the operation, and she is currently in a delicate balance. CONCLUSIONS Early repair of the fistula is necessary. The treatment of neurogenic bladder after fistula repair is difficult and deserves further observation and follow-up.BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disease of clinical importance that occurs commonly in old age and in various disease sub-categories. Widening the scope of knowledge of the genetics of muscle mass and strength is important because it may allow to identify patients with an increased risk to develop a specific musculoskeletal disease or condition such as sarcopenia based on genetic markers. METHODS We used bioinformatics tools to identify gene loci responsible for regulating muscle strength and lean mass, which can then be a target for downstream lab experimentation validation. Single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with various disease traits of muscles and specific genes were chosen according to their muscle phenotype association p-value, as traditionally done in Genome Wide Association Studies, GWAS. We've developed and applied a combination of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and GWAS summary information, to prioritize causative SNP and point out the unique genes associated in the tissues of interest (muscle). RESULTS We found NUDT3 and KLF5 for lean mass and HLA-DQB1-AS1 for hand grip strength as candidate genes to target for these phenotypes. The associated regulatory SNPs are rs464553, rs1028883 and rs3129753 respectively. CONCLUSION Transcriptome Wide Association Studies, TWAS, approaches of combining GWAS and eQTL summary statistics proved helpful in statistically prioritizing genes and their associated SNPs for the disease phenotype of study, in this case, Sarcopenia. Potentially regulatory SNPs associated with these genes, and the genes further prioritized by a scoring system, can be then wet lab verified, depending on the phenotype it is hypothesized to affect.BACKGROUND Emerging evidence showed promising effects of vitamin D on headaches characteristics. Thus, it seems there is still a need for more researches to clarify the mechanisms by which this vitamin exerts anti-migraine effects. METHODS The present study was conducted as a 16-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial on 80 episodic migraine patients allocated in 2 parallel groups each consisted of 40 patients who received vitamin D 2000 IU/d or placebo. At baseline and after the intervention completion, headache diaries and migraine disability assessment questionnaire (MIDAS) were used to assess migraine related variables in patients. Also, interictal serum concentration of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (as the dominant mediator of migraine pain pathogenesis) was evaluated using ELISA method. RESULTS The mean (SD) of age in the vitamin D and placebo groups was 37 (8) and 38 (12) years, respectively. ANCOVA test adjusted for baseline values, and confounders showed vitamin D supplementatBACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum causes devastating crop diseases and produces harmful mycotoxins worldwide. Understanding the complex F. graminearum transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) is vital for effective disease management. Reconstructing F. graminearum dynamic TRNs, an NP (non-deterministic polynomial) -hard problem, remains unsolved using commonly adopted reductionist or co-expression based approaches. Multi-omic data such as fungal genomic, transcriptomic data and phenomic data are vital to but so far have been largely isolated and untapped for unraveling phenotype-specific TRNs. RESULTS Here for the first time, we harnessed these resources to infer global TRNs for F. graminearum using a Bayesian network based algorithm called "Module Networks". The inferred TRNs contain 49 regulatory modules that show condition-specific gene regulation. Through a thorough validation based on prior biological knowledge including functional annotations and TF binding site enrichment, our network prediction displayed high accuracy and concordance with existing knowledge.