https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tak-875.html Phase retrieval is demonstrated without prior ex-situ phase stepping. Instead, correlation matrices are used to compensate for the displacement between reference acquisition and the probing of a PMMA target rod. The steps for improved measurements with more energetic laser systems are discussed. The final results are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted outcomes, demonstrating the applicability of this diagnostic to a range of laser facilities for use across several disciplines.A key technique in direct imaging of extrasolar planets with ground-based telescopes is extreme adaptive optics. It requires a wavefront sensor capable of achieving high accuracy with a small number of photons. Imada et al. [Appl. Opt.54, 7870 (2015)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.54.007870] proposed a type of wavefront sensor that employs a point-diffraction interferometer (PDI). This type of sensor has problems concerning a low photon-usage efficiency and manufacturing feasibility. In addition, they did not give sufficient study on the optimum pinhole size. Here, we propose a novel PDI, with which these problems are overcome, and study the optimum pinhole size for it. The sensor is incorporated with birefringent crystal as the key component to achieve high efficiency and is feasible to manufacture realistically. We run numerical simulations to optimize the pinhole size, where the photon noise is evaluated.We investigate experimentally the phase retrieval of a Kolmogorov phase screen from very sparse data by modulating its amplitude with four binary masks and compare the retrieved phase screen to the ground truth measured with a surface profiler. Previously, we have shown in simulations that this kind of modulation can be successfully used for the phase retrieval of a Kolmogorov phase screen. After subtracting the ground truth from the retrieved phase screen, the root-mean-square error decreased from 0.14 µm to 0.10 µm. We conclude th