We present a way to search for light scalar dark matter (DM), seeking to exploit putative coupling between dark matter scalar fields and fundamental constants, by searching for frequency modulations in direct comparisons between frequency stable oscillators. Specifically we compare a cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO), hydrogen maser (HM) atomic oscillator, and a bulk acoustic wave quartz oscillator (OCXO). This work includes the first calculation of the dependence of acoustic oscillators on variations of the fundamental constants, and demonstration that they can be a sensitive tool for scalar DM experiments. Results are presented based on 16 days of data in comparisons between the HM and OCXO, and 2 days of comparison between the OCXO and CSO. No evidence of oscillating fundamental constants consistent with a coupling to scalar dark matter is found, and instead limits on the strength of these couplings as a function of the dark matter mass are determined. We constrain the dimensionless coupling constant d_e and combination |d_m_e-d_g| across the mass band 4.4×10^-19≲m_φ≲6.8×10^-14  eV c^-2, with most sensitive limits d_e≳1.59×10^-1, |d_m_e-dg|≳6.97×10^-1. Notably, these limits do not rely on maximum reach analysis (MRA), instead employing the more general coefficient separation technique. This experiment paves the way for future, highly sensitive experiments based on state-of-the-art acoustic oscillators, and we show that these limits can be competitive with the best current MRA-based exclusion limits.Theoretical treatments of frictional granular matter often assume that it is legitimate to invoke classical elastic theory to describe its coarse-grained mechanical properties. Here, we show, based on experiments and numerical simulations, that this is generically not the case since stress autocorrelation functions decay more slowly than what is expected from elasticity theory.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alantolactone.html  It was theoretically shown that standard elastic decay demands pressure and torque density fluctuations to be normal, with possibly one of them being hyperuniform. However, generic compressed frictional assemblies exhibit abnormal pressure fluctuations, failing to conform with the central limit theorem. The physics of this failure is linked to correlations built in the material during compression from a dilute configuration prior to jamming. By changing the protocol of compression, one can observe different pressure fluctuations, and stress autocorrelations decay at large scales.We develop a coherent beam splitter for single electrons driven through two tunnel-coupled quantum wires by surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The output current through each wire oscillates with gate voltages to tune the tunnel coupling and potential difference between the wires. This oscillation is assigned to coherent electron tunneling motion that can be used to encode a flying qubit and is well reproduced by numerical calculations of time evolution of the SAW-driven single electrons. The oscillation visibility is currently limited to about 3%, but robust against decoherence, indicating that the SAW electron can serve as a novel platform for a solid-state flying qubit.Braginskii extended magnetohydrodynamics is used to model transport in collisional astrophysical and high energy density plasmas. We show that commonly used approximations to the α_⊥ and β_⊥ transport coefficients [e.g., Epperlein and Haines, Phys. Fluids 29, 1029 (1986)PFLDAS0031-917110.1063/1.865901] have a subtle inaccuracy that causes significant artificial magnetic dissipation and discontinuities. This is because magnetic transport actually relies on β_∥-β_⊥ and α_⊥-α_∥, rather than α_⊥ and β_⊥ themselves. We provide fit functions that rectify this problem and thus resolve the discrepancies with kinetic simulations in the literature. When implemented in the gorgon code, they reduce the predicted density asymmetry amplitude at laser ablation fronts. Recognizing the importance of α_⊥-α_∥ and β_∥-β_⊥, we recast the set of coefficients. This makes explicit the symmetry of the magnetic and thermal transport, as well as the symmetry of the coefficients themselves.Shock reverberation compression experiments on dense gaseous deuterium-helium mixtures are carried out to provide thermodynamic parameters relevant to the conditions in planetary interiors. The multishock pressures are determined up to 120 GPa and reshock temperatures to 7400 K. Furthermore, the unique compression path from shock-adiabatic to quasi-isentropic compressions enables a direct estimation of the high-pressure sound velocities in the unexplored range of 50-120 GPa. The equation of state and sound velocity provide particular dual perspectives to validate the theoretical models. Our experimental data are found to agree with several equation of state models widely used in astrophysics within the probed pressure range. The current data improve the experimental constraints on sound velocities in the Jovian insulating-to-metallic transition layer.Ultrathin transition-metal oxides (TMOs) from nonlayered bulk structures are emerging 2D materials. Here we investigate the reactivity of a 2D TMO of varying thickness from first principles. We find that the band gap of the 2D nL-TiO2(110) shows a strong linear correlation with its surface reactivity the smaller the band gap, the more reactive the surface oxygen; 3L-TiO2(110) has the smallest band gap and the highest reactivity. We further design Pt1 single-atom catalysts (SAC) by substituting a Pt single atom for a surface Ti atom. We find that the band gap of nL-TiO2(110) dictates both chemisorption and dissociation of CH4 on Pt1-nL-TiO2(110) the smaller the band gap, the stronger the adsorption of CH4 and the lower the barrier of heterolytic C-H activation of CH4. We propose that band gap can be a novel and direct descriptor for the reactivity of 2D TMOs and their supported SACs.The phosphinidenesilylene (HPSi; X1A') molecule was prepared via a directed gas-phase synthesis in the bimolecular reaction of ground-state atomic silicon (Si; 3P) with phosphine (PH3; X1A1) under single-collision conditions. The chemical dynamics are initiated on the triplet surface via addition of a silicon atom to the non-bonding electron pair of phosphine, followed by non-adiabatic dynamics and surface hopping to the singlet manifold, accompanied by isomerization via atomic hydrogen shift and decomposition to phosphinidenesilylene (HPSi, X1A') along with molecular hydrogen. Statistical calculations predict that silylidynephosphine (HSiP, X1Σ+) is also formed, albeit with lower yields. The barrier-less route to phosphinidenesilylene opens up a multipurpose mechanism to access the hitherto obscure class of phosphasilenylidenes through silicon-phosphorus coupling via reactions of atomic silicon with alkylphosphines under single-collision conditions in the absence of successive reactions of the reaction products, which are not feasible to prepare by traditional synthetic routes.