https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB590885.html ions of effect modification by both individual and township-level factors. BACKGROUND Most studies use temperature observation data from weather stations near the analyzed region or city as the reference point for the exposure-response association. Climatic reanalysis data sets have already been used for climate studies, but are not yet used routinely in environmental epidemiology. METHODS We compared the mortality-temperature association using weather station temperature and ERA-5 reanalysis data for the 52 provincial capital cities in Spain, using time-series regression with distributed lag non-linear models. RESULTS The shape of temperature distribution is very close between the weather station and ERA-5 reanalysis data (correlation from 0.90 to 0.99). The overall cumulative exposure-response curves are very similar in their shape and risks estimates for cold and heat effects, although risk estimates for ERA-5 were slightly lower than for weather station temperature. CONCLUSIONS Reanalysis data allow the estimation of the health effects of temperature, even in areas located far from weather stations or without any available. Particulate matter (PM), the collection of all liquid and solid particles suspended in air, includes both organic and inorganic particles, many of which are health-hazards. PM particles with a diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a form of air pollutant that causes significant lung damage when inhaled. Maslinic acid (MA) prevents oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine generation, but there is little information available regarding its role in PM-induced lung injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the protective activity of MA against PM2.5-induced lung injury. The mice were divided into seven groups (n = 10 each) a mock control group, an MA control (0.8 mg/kg mouse body weight) group, an opted PM2.5 produced from diesel (10 mg/kg mouse body weight) g