A sol-gel urea colorimetric method was developed for the determination of urea in feedstuffs. The sol-gel platform contained p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DMAB) as the reagent entrapped within polymer network. The urea analysis relied on the formation of Schiff base under acidic conditions. The colorimetric product was imaged with a Smartphone. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve for urea was linear over the concentration range of 2.5-100 and 100-1000 mg L-1 with a good coefficient of determination (r2 > 0.99). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were 0.83-3.01%RSD and 2.20-5.47%RSD, respectively. Accuracy of urea analysis ranged from -1.15 to 2.76%. The proposed method was stable for at least 90 days. The amount of urea in feedstuff sample was determined.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nf-kb-activator-1.html  The developed method is easy to use with small samples and reagent consumption in field conditions for monitoring the quality of feedstuff. Postmortem changes of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein phosphorylation in pectoralis major (PM) muscle of broilers under pre-slaughter stress were investigated. Broiler chickens were randomly distributed to unstressed control and transport under high environmental temperature groups. PM muscle samples of transport-stressed broilers were classified into normal or pale, soft and exudative (PSE)-like. Sarcoplasmic fraction in PSE-like meat had a higher global phosphorylation level than that in normal meat at the early postmortem stage. The myofibrillar proteins showed diverse phosphorylation patterns at different postmortem times. The stress-induced highly phosphorylated sarcoplasmic proteins were glycometabolic enzymes, which partially contributed to accelerated glycolysis rate. The phosphorylation levels of most sarcomeric proteins identified in the myofibrillar fraction were affected by postmortem time, implying their roles in regulating muscle rigor mortis development. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the biochemical processes that may lead to stress-induced changes in meat quality. The high content of Penicillic acid (PA) in the feed pose threat to human health and cause serious losses to economic wealth through the enrichment effect of the food chain. The reliable and rapidly detection of PA is of significant importance to ensure food safety. In this study, indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and immunochromatographic test strips (ICTS) were established for PA determination based on anti-PA mAb secreted by 4H9 cell line. The linear range of ic-ELISA detection was 0.12-1.95 μg/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.03 μg/mL. Then, conventional gold nanospheres (AuNS) with the average diameter of 20 nm were synthetized and AuNS-based strip was developed for rapidly detection of PA. The visual LOD (vLOD) of the AuNS-based strip was 3.9 μg/mL and the assay time of visual evaluation was less than 10 min without any instrument. To enhance the signal sensitivity of the ICTS, the larger size (about 85 nm) of gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) was prepared in our work, and was used as higher signal reporter to establish the AuNF-based strip for PA determination. Fortunately, the vLOD of AuNF-based strip was 0.97 μg/mL, which was approximately 4-fold lower than that of traditional AuNS-based strip. In summary, the rapid and sensitive immunoassays established in this study could be applied to detect and analyze the contamination of PA toxin in real food samples. Effect of melatonin treatment on visual quality and contents of health-promoting compounds of broccoli florets under room temperature was investigated in the present study. Broccoli florets were treated with 1 μM melatonin and then stored at room temperature. Results showed that melatonin treatment could delay the post-harvest senescence of broccoli, and performed well in maintaining higher levels of antioxidants, such as carotenoids, vitamin C and total phenols, as well as higher antioxidant capacity than the control. Besides, 1 μM melatonin treatment sustained higher content of glucosinolates, and also resulted in increased percentage of the most potent anticarcinogenic profile, glucoraphanin. Further analysis revealed that 1 μM melatonin strongly induced the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis-related genes BoMYB28, BoMYB34, BoCYP79F1, and BoCYP79B2, as well as BoTGG1, a gene involved in glucosinolate hydrolysis. In conclusion, post-harvest treatment with 1 μM melatonin is potential in maintaining visual quality and health-promoting properties of broccoli florets. Black truffle is characterized by a black ascocarp and white veins. This hypogeous fruit body is known for its aroma. Understanding metabolic variation during ripening can shed light on truffle biology. In this work, the comprehensive polar metabolome and the volatile organic compounds of T. melanosporum were studied at different ripening stages by means of a metabolomic approach using GC-MS. Multivariate statistical data analysis indicated that the metabolic profile changed during ripening and that the metabolites that mostly discriminated truffles in the early ripening stages belonged to the classes of carbohydrates, while free fatty acids and amino acids, among which precursors of VOCs, characterized the late stages of ripening. Principal component analysis of the volatilome indicated that dimethylsulfide and dimethyldisulfide characterized most of the samples collected in December-January, while 1-octen-3-ol samples collected in February-March. Gegen Qilian Decoction (GGQLD) is a well-established classic Chinese medicine prescription in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the molecular mechanism of GGQLD action on NASH is still not clear. This study aimed to assess the anti-NASH effect of GGQLD, and to explore its molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. In HFD-fed rats, GGQLD decreased significantly serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), total bile acid (TBA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), free fatty acid (FFA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, increased levels of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) Ahcy, Gpx1, Mat1a, GNMT, and reduced the expression of ALDOB. In RAW264.7 macrophages, GGQLD reduced the expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, and diminished NASH by increasing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) CBS, Mat1a, Hnf4α and Pparα to reduce oxidative stress or lipid metabolism. The results of DEGs verification also showed that GGQLD up-regulated expressions of Hnf4α, Pparα and Cbs genes.