0001). Its performance and validity were also confirmed in the single fraction radiotherapy group. Three additional prognostic factors were significant in the multivariate analysis and may therefore contribute to decision making. Conclusions Irrespective of fractionation, the score based on age, performance status and primary tumor type provides a readily available estimate of 12-month survival. Copyright 2020, Nieder et al.Background Nowadays, patients with chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) need and want to be more active participants in their health care. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Proactive Interdisciplinary Self-Management (PRISMA) training program on participation during consultations with practice nurses and self-efficacy of patients with T2DM in general practice. Methods Within a randomized controlled trial, patients were followed for 6 months. They received either PRISMA in addition to usual care or usual care only. Self-efficacy was assessed using the 5-item Perceived Efficacy in Patient-Physician Interactions (PEPPI-5) scale. Consultations were video-recorded and analyzed using the Roter interaction analysis system. Multilevel analysis was carried out. Results No differences in the PEPPI-5 were found between the intervention (n = 101) and control groups (n = 102) (U = 1,737.5, z = -0.2, P = 0.8). In addition, the groups did not differ in patient participation. However, patients who attended the PRISMA program expressed more counselling utterances (B = 0.22; standard error (SE) = 0.09). Conclusions PRISMA did not result in higher self-efficacy or patient participation during the consultation with practice nurses at 6 months. Possibly, two training sessions are insufficient and a more powerful intervention might be needed. However, the study showed indications that patients counselled themselves more frequently during the consultation. Practice nurses could stimulate patients who are already engaged in self-counselling by further specifying their goals of behavior change. Copyright 2020, du Pon et al.Background Recently, we reported that the level of lathosterol, a cholesterol synthesis marker, was suppressed after 1 month of treatment with anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. In this study, we administered either anagliptin or miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, for 3 months in patients with type 2 diabetes and compared the lipid-lowering effects of anagliptin with those of miglitol. Methods This study was a 12-week, open-label, prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison trial.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pclx-001-ddd86481.html  Fifty-two patients with type 2 diabetes who aged 20 - 70 years with a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level of over 120 mg/dL, and with no history of treatment with antihyperlipidemic drugs were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to either the anagliptin group or miglitol group. The 100 mg of anagliptin was administered twice a day for the anagliptin group and 50 mg of miglitol was administered thrice a day for miglitol group. The changes in lipids, cholesterol synthesis, and absorption markers were evaluated after 12 weeks. Results Fifty-two participants were initially enrolled in the trial, and 47 of them completed the protocol. There was no significant difference in LDL-C, cholesterol synthesis, and the absorption markers between anagliptin and miglitol groups. Conclusions Anagliptin and miglitol are similarly effective on lipid and glycemic control. Copyright 2020, Iijima et al.Background Endoscopic-assisted lumbar decompression is a minimally invasive spine surgery which has been touted to reduce collateral tissue damage, incisional pain, recovery time and complications. Residual back or leg pain and recurrent herniation are commonly reported post-operative outcomes. It has been suggested that injecting orthobiologics like cryopreserved amniotic-derived products (ADPs) and bone marrow aspiration (BMA) into the surgery site would have additional benefit on patient outcomes. This is a Western Institutional Review Board (WIRB)-approved level 1, randomized controlled trial of prospectively collected patient demographic and outcomes data for endoscopic-assisted lumbar decompression surgery. The primary goal of this study was to compare patient outcomes of orthobiologic supplementation during endoscopic-assisted lumbar decompression surgery. Methods Following WIRB approval, 269 patients underwent lumbar endoscopic-assisted decompressive surgery between January 2011 and October 2017. Pati one ADP) re-herniated at the same level. Conclusions Orthobiologic BMA and ADP resulted in improved pain control during early post-operative periods. Copyright 2020, Kamson et al.Eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) commonly co-occur, especially in conjunction with affective syndromes, yet little is known about opiate abuse and ED symptoms in patients on naltrexone-bupropion therapy. Moreover, evidence suggests that the opioid system can also be regarded as one of the major systems regulating the anticipatory processes preceding binge eating episodes. The lack of evidence in the effectiveness of psychotherapy treatment in addition to psychotropic mediations compounds the difficulties in stabilizing individuals with EDs. This article aims to exhaustively review literature relating to the use of opioid antagonists in the management of binge eating disorder (BED) and other abnormal eating habits and how this can be augmented by the use of psychological approaches to come up with the most effective therapy or combination of therapies to manage these conditions. Although this approach is promising, it has not been evaluated. A review of the literature pertaining to thecant alterations in eating pattern. This approach for BED may lead to more significant treatment outcomes, but this possibility must be tested in larger samples. Copyright 2020, Valbrun et al.Esophageal carcinoma cuniculatum is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a unique and common histologic pattern including hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, dyskeratosis, deep keratinization, intraepithelial neutrophils, neutrophilic microabscess, focal cytologic atypia, koilocyte-like cells, and keratin-filled cyst/burrows observed in the resection specimens. Preoperative diagnosis can be extremely difficult. A semiquantitative histologic scoring system has been previously proposed for mucosal biopsies, which has been associated with improved diagnostic yield. However, this histologic schema for the diagnosis of carcinoma cuniculatum has not been applied prospectively. Herein, we describe two cases of esophageal carcinoma cuniculatum in patients presenting with progressive dysphagia and esophageal mass. Presurgical endoscopic mucosal biopsies showed features consistent with carcinoma cuniculatum, and a preoperative diagnosis was achieved by applying the aforementioned semiquantitative histologic schema.