Resource partitioning reduces the competition between different species within the same habitat, promoting their coexistence. To understand how such species co-adapt to reduce conflicts, we examined the behavior of two primates, Assamese macaque (Macaca assamensis) and rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), from April 2017 to March 2018 in Sivapuri Nagarjun National Park (SNNP), Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. We performed 1580 and 1261 scan sessions on wild multi-male/multi-female groups of Assamese and rhesus macaques, respectively, at 15-min sampling intervals. Assamese macaques consumed fewer plant species (38 species) than rhesus macaques (88 species). Overlapping food sources between the macaque species resulted in a Pianka index of 0.5. Assamese macaques consumed more items of tree, climber, and vine species, whereas rhesus macaques fed on more shrub, herb, and grass species. The proportions of plant parts consumed by the two species differed-more leaves, fruits and cones were used by Assamese macaques than rhesus macaques, whereas more flowers, seeds, and pods were consumed by rhesus macaques than Assamese macaques. Assamese macaques had a smaller home range (0.55 km2) than rhesus macaques (4.23 km2), and Assamese macaques had a shorter daily moving distance (1.6 km) than rhesus macaques (4.0 km). Although feeding time did not differ between the two macaque species, less time was devoted to social activities by Assamese macaques (16.0%) than by rhesus macaques (33.7%). Assamese macaques were generally arboreal, with 94.0% of their activities in trees, whereas rhesus macaques were largely terrestrial, with 58.5% of their activities on the ground. These differences in food selection, home-range size, ranging and activity patterns, and habitat use suggest that Assamese and rhesus macaques reduce resource competition through resource partitioning to coexist in a landscape matrix.Allomaternal care is widely observed among primate species. Although diverse allomothering behavioral repertoire and types of caretakers have been reported, it remains unclear what social or physiological conditions may trigger such care in each individual. For a better understanding of mechanisms that give rise to allomaternal care in primates, more observational reports are needed with information on social or physiological conditions of caretakers. Here I report two cases of intensive allomaternal care in two different populations of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). The two adult females provided intensive allomaternal care including carrying, grooming, and nursing towards others' infants. Their allomaternal care began 20 or 29 days prior to their own partum and lasted for 84 days at the most. This study firstly showed that nursing forms part of the allomothering behavioral repertoire, and allomaternal caretakers can be individuals that are prior to the time of their own partum in Japanese macaques. Their intensive allomaternal care may stem from their good nutritional conditions, increased concentrations of several hormones, or disappearance of the newborn infants' biological mothers.This commentary is written in response to Pezzini's research group commentary, which claimed Liqui-Pellet and liquisolid pellet are not different. Despite some similarities, there are crucial differences separating these two technologies. Liqui-Pellet uses liqui-mass system (wet mass/paste admixture), and liquisolid pellet uses liquisolid system (flowable powder admixture). The understanding of the well-defined term 'liquisolid system' is crucial to understand what is and is not liquisolid formulation. Spireas, who is the inventor of liquisolid technology, clearly defined liquisolid system in his patent document and publications. Since his first publication in 1998, there are around 200 articles about liquisolid formulations (extracted from Scopus), and with no exception, every single one of them followed the original definition of liquisolid system. Liqui-Pellet does not use liquisolid system and so calling it the same as liquisolid pellet, which uses liquisolid system, is incorrect and misleading. The purpose of this commentary is to resolve misunderstanding and support furthering knowledge.PURPOSE To explore the 18F-fluoro-dexoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging characteristics of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and its significance in differential diagnosis from other connective tissue diseases (CTDs). METHODS FDG PET/CT images of 54 patients with AOSD and 66 with other CTD from patients suffering from fever of unknown origin (FUO) were retrospectively studied and compared with 40 healthy controls.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pqr309-bimiralisib.html  Clinical and PET/CT characteristics of AOSD and other CTDs were compared, and SUVmax (maximum standardized uptake value) was used to analyze the differences of FDG uptake in the blood pool, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and hyperplastic lymph nodes between the AOSD and other CTDs. The SUVmax ratios of the spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes to the liver were used to establish the diagnostic criteria for differential diagnosis of AOSD, and its diagnostic efficiency was evaluated. RESULTS Positive findings are presented in 53/54 (98.1%) AOSD patients a, where it can assist in identifying the cause.Key Points• Image characteristics of FDG PET/CT in adult-onset Still's disease were described.• FDG PET/CT helps in identifying adult-onset Still's disease from the other connective tissue diseases.• FDG PET/CT imaging standard for diagnosing adult-onset Still's disease were established.A82846B, producing by Kibdelosporangium aridum, is an important precursor of the semi-synthetic glycopeptide antibiotic Oritavancin. K. aridum produces three components A82846A, B and C, so it is essential to increase A82846B titer and reduce A82846A and C titers by overexpressing halogenase and glycosyltransferase genes. Firstly, we constructed the genetically engineered strain SIPI-3927-attB harboring artificial attB site via homologous recombination. Secondly, two strains SIPI-3927-C1 and C2 were also constructed by integrating halogenase genes vcm8 and orf10 into artificial attB sites of SIPI-3927-attB, respectively. Meantime, three strains SIPI-3927-C3, C4 and C5 containing overexpressing glycosyltransferase A, B and C genes were obtained, respectively. Through fermentation analyses, the results showed that SIPI-3927-C1 and C2 could increase A82846B ratios, in which SIPI-3927-C1 showed a better performance. Moreover, the titer of SIPI-3927-C3 was highest in those of three strains. Finally, the strain SIPI-3927-C6 was constructed by integrating both orf10-encoded halogenase and orf11-encoded glycosyltransferase A, of which the yield and ratio of A82846B in shake-flask fermentation reached 1200 mg/L and 73.