Irrational application of chemical fertilizers causes soil nutrient imbalance, reduced microbial diversity, soil diseases, and other soil quality problems and is one of the main sources of non-point pollution.  https://www.selleckchem.com/erk.html  The application of microbial inoculant (MI) can improve the soil environment and crop growth to reduce problems caused by irrational application of chemical fertilizers. Field experiments were carried out in high-phosphorus soils to study the effects of the addition of various MIs combined with chemical fertilizers on soil properties, wheat growth, and soil microbial composition and structure. The MIs consisted of one fungal agent Trichoderma compound agent (TC) and five bacterial agents, namely soil remediation agent (SR), anti-repeat microbial agent (AM), microbial agent (MA), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PG), and biological fertilizer agent (BF). The wheat yield increased by 15.2-33.4% with the addition of MIs, and PG with Bacillus subtilis as the core microorganism had the most obvious effe MIs improved AN in soil, increased the wheat yield, and changed the relative abundance of the soil dominant phylum, and these changes were closely related to the type of MIs. The results provide a scientific basis for rational use of different types of MIs in high-P soil.Many macrophytes have heavy metal phytoremediation potential from contaminated watercourses. Therefore, the present study investigated the seasonal potential of the sedge plant Cyperus alopecuroides to remediate heavy metals from contaminated water bodies. Water, sediment, and plant samples were collected from four contaminated watercourses and the uncontaminated Nile River. Summer was the blooming season of C. alopecuroides with the highest shoot density, leaf size, fresh production, and dry biomass, while winter represented the lowest growth season. The photosynthetic pigments were distinctly decreased in plants growing in contaminated compared to the uncontaminated sites. Plant roots accumulated concentrations of all measured heavy metals, except Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb, more significant than the shoot. The maximum concentrations of Al, Ni, and Pb were recorded during spring, while the highest Cd, Cr, Fe, and Mn were recorded during summer. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of all investigated metals (except Al) was > 1, while the translocation factor (TF) of all elements (except Pb) was ˂ 1. These results indicated the capability of C. alopecuroides for metal phytostabilization and considered the target species a powerful phytoremediator for monitoring water pollution in contaminated wetlands. In this context, the above- and belowground parts of C. alopecuroides should be harvested in summer for efficient phytoremediation.This study estimates factors of importance for the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions generated by travellers flying for different reasons based on representative Austrian micro data for the period 2014-2016. The annual average number of flights taken by adults vary between 0.1 (visiting friends) and 0.8 (going on holiday), and the amount of CO2e emissions generated by each return flight is approximately 1100 kg. This leads to a total of 6 million tonnes CO2e emissions per year. Results of the Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood estimations reveal that the amount of CO2e emissions created is related to socio-demographic, locational and seasonal factors, although mainly for the largest group of travellers the holiday makers. In this group, individuals with university degrees, young persons (16-24 years) and capital city residents generate the largest amounts of emissions, as opposed to persons with children and large households. Residents of the capital region each quarter cause 64 kg more CO2e emissions than inhabitants of rural areas, persons with university degrees create 74 kg larger emissions than those without degrees and young adults instigate 90 kg more emissions than middle-aged persons. CO2e emissions of holiday flights are highest in the first quarter of the year. The importance of education is also pronounced for CO2e emissions related to business travel, as is gender.
  The effects of a brief (3days) and prolonged (6days) period of incubation in darkness and light on the biomass content, lipid content and fatty acid profile in Chlorella vulgaris UMT-M1 were determined.
 
  Three days of incubation in darkness increased saturated fatty acid (SFA) content from 34.0 to 41.4% but decreased monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content from 36.7 to 29.8%. Palmitic acid (C160) contentwas increased from 23.2 to 28.9%, whereas oleic acid (C181) contentwas reduced from 35.4 to 28.8%. Total oil content was slightly decreased from 20.4 to 18.7% after 3days of darkness, without a significant reduction in biomass compared to 3days of incubation in light. Biomass and oil content was highest in cultures incubated for 6days in light, however the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of darkness (or light) on SFA and MUFA content was no longer present at 6days of incubation.
 
  Findings from this study suggests that fatty acid composition in C. vulgaris could be modulated to favor either C160 or C181 by a brief period of either darkness or light incubation, prior to harvesting.
 Findings from this study suggests that fatty acid composition in C. vulgaris could be modulated to favor either C160 or C181 by a brief period of either darkness or light incubation, prior to harvesting.Alkaline stress is one of the severe abiotic stresses, which is not well studied so far, especially among cyanobacteria. To affirm the characteristics of alkaline stress and the subsequent adaptive responses in Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 and Arthrospira platensis PCC 7345, photosynthetic pigments, spectral properties of thylakoids, PSII and PSI activities, and pigment-protein profiles of thylakoids under different pH regimes were examined. The accessory pigments showed a pH-mediated sensitivity. The pigment-protein complexes of thylakoids are also affected, resulting in the altered fluorescence emission profile. At pH 11, a possible shift of the PBsome antenna complex from PSII to PSI is observed. PSII reaction center is found to be more susceptible to alkaline stress in comparison to the PSI. In Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 at pH 11, a drop of 68% in the oxygen evolution with a significant increase of PSI activity by 114% is recorded within 24 h of pH treatment. Alterations in the cellular ultrastructure of Arthrospira platensis NIES-39 at pH 11 were observed, along with the increased number of plastoglobules attached with the thylakoid membranes.