https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nec-1s-7-cl-o-nec1.html 51 to 2.87 for PCV7, 1.69 to 3.22 for PCV10, and 1.49 to 3.08 for PCV13. CONCLUSIONS Studies conducted in the WPR generally showed greater antibody responses than the studies conducted in Europe. Indications of differences among geographic regions highlight the fact that further research is needed to compare the biological factors contributing to immune responses, which may affect vaccination schedules. BACKGROUND Surgeons from under-represented backgrounds are less likely to receive academic tenure and obtain leadership positions. Our objective was to query the curriculum vitaes (CVs) of SBAS leadership to develop a benchmarking tool to promote and guide careers in academic surgery. METHODS CVs from academic leaders were reviewed for academic productivity at early career stages-the first 5-and 10-years. Variables queried peer-reviewed publications, grant funding, surgical societal involvement, invited lectureships and visiting professorships. RESULTS Of 20 CVs, 41 leadership positions including 13 SBAS Presidents were identified. At 5- and 10-years, respectively, the academic productivity increased 20.6 and 52.3 publications; 4.7 and 9.7 grants; 18 and 42.6 lectures/professorships. CONCLUSION The CV benchmarking tool may be a useful framework for aspiring academic surgeons to track their progress relative to successful SBAS members. Creative strategies like these, paired with faculty mentorship and sponsorship are necessary to improve the ethnic diversity in academic surgery. INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity resulting in both sustained weight loss and reduction in obesity-related comorbidities. It is uncertain how sociodemographic factors affect postoperative outcomes. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample was queried for patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) from 2005 to 2014. Factors associated with selection of SG over RYGB, i