https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cfse.html Finally, the perspectives of catalysis based on ferroelectrics and possible research opportunities are discussed. This review is expected to inspire wide research interests and push ferroelectric catalysis to practical applications.Carbon dioxide (CO2) from the excessive consumption of fossil fuels has exhibited a huge threat to the planet's ecosystem. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction into value-added chemicals has been regarded as a promising strategy in CO2 utilization and needs the development of advanced electrocatalysts for lowering the activation energy and enhancing selectivity in CO2 reduction. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, benefiting from their unique geometrical structures, have been extensively studied in the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this review, we systematically overview atomic-level engineering strategies in 2D electrocatalysts for the CO2RR, including thickness control, elemental doping, vacancy engineering, heterostructure construction, and single-atom loading. Meanwhile, we analyze the relationship between structures and activity in electrocatalysis, and present the future challenges and opportunities in the electrocatalytic CO2RR, and we hope that this review will offer helpful guidance for developing electrocatalysts for the CO2RR.As an indispensable energy source, ammonia plays an essential role in agriculture and various industries. Given that the current ammonia production is still dominated by the energy-intensive and high carbon footprint Haber-Bosch process, photocatalytic nitrogen fixation represents a low-energy consuming and sustainable approach to generate ammonia. Heterostructured photocatalysts are hybrid materials composed of semiconductor materials containing interfaces that make full use of the unique superiorities of the constituents and synergistic effects between them. These promising photocatalysts have superior performances and substantial potential in ph