cer patients who received total-body radiation (TBR, 6 × 2 Gy). We observed that the number of T cells in the peripheral blood significantly declined already after the first day of TBR and remained at a low level, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of γH2AX foci in the surviving CD3+ T cell fraction. In contrast, the number of monocytes did not decline extensively, reflecting their radiation resistance compared to T cells. Monocytes also showed an accumulation of γH2AX foci in vivo, but the levels were significantly lower than in T cells. CD56+ NK cells displayed a response similar to T cells. The data support the notion that unstimulated T cell subfractions are nearly equally radiation sensitive. There are, however, remarkable differences in the radiation sensitivity between the lymphoid and the myeloid lineage, with lymphoid cells being significantly more sensitive than cells of the myeloid lineage. In the myeloid lineage, macrophages and iDCs were the most radio-resistant cell types.Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly aggressive cancer with marked resistance to chemotherapeutics without therapies. The tumour microenvironment of iCCA is enriched of Cancer-Stem-Cells expressing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) traits, being these features associated with aggressiveness and drug resistance. Treatment with the anti-diabetic drug Metformin, has been recently associated with reduced incidence of iCCA. We aimed to evaluate the anti-cancerogenic effects of Metformin in vitro and in vivo on primary cultures of human iCCA. Our results showed that Metformin inhibited cell proliferation and induced dose- and time-dependent apoptosis of iCCA. The migration and invasion of iCCA cells in an extracellular bio-matrix was also significantly reduced upon treatments. Metformin increased the AMPK and FOXO3 and induced phosphorylation of activating FOXO3 in iCCA cells. After 12 days of treatment, a marked decrease of mesenchymal and EMT genes and an increase of epithelial genes were observed. After 2 months of treatment, in order to simulate chronic administration, Cytokeratin-19 positive cells constituted the majority of cell cultures paralleled by decreased Vimentin protein expression. Subcutaneous injection of iCCA cells previously treated with Metformin, in Balb/c-nude mice failed to induce tumour development. In conclusion, Metformin reverts the mesenchymal and EMT traits in iCCA by activating AMPK-FOXO3 related pathways suggesting it might have therapeutic implications.Sleep disturbances are commonly reported by patients with asthma.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/leupeptin-hemisulfate.html  However, the prevalence of sleep disturbance and its association with the level of asthma control is unknown. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of sleep disturbance among Saudi adult asthmatic patients attending pulmonary clinics at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC). The study also aimed to compare sleep quality between controlled and uncontrolled asthma patients. The study was carried out in the outpatient pulmonary clinics at KAMC and utilized a cross-sectional survey. The survey included five different questionnaires asthma control test and questionnaires related to the quality of sleep (Pittsburgh sleep quality index [PSQI], Epworth sleepiness scale [ESS], Berlin questionnaire [a measure of obstructive sleep apnea risk], and insomnia severity index [ISI]). Among the 200 asthma patients, 66% suffered from poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), 43% were at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea, 25% had excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10), and 46.5% had significant clinical insomnia (ISI ≥ 10). Poor sleep quality was less common in patients with well-controlled asthma (37%) compared to those with partially controlled asthma (78%) and uncontrolled asthma (82%) (p  less then  0.001). Poor sleep quality was common among patients with asthma, particularly those with suboptimal levels of asthma control. Further studies are needed to better understand the interaction between these two conditions.The majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with an advanced stage IV, which has short survival time. Many lung cancer patients have comorbidities, which influence treatment and patients' quality of life. The aim of the study is to describe comorbidities in incident lung cancer patients and explore their attendance of ambulatory care physicians in Germany. In the observed period, 13,111 persons were first diagnosed with lung cancer (1-year incidence of 36.4 per 100,000). The mean number of comorbidities over 4 quarters was 30.77 ± 13.18; mean Charlson Comorbidity Index was 6.66 ± 2.24. In Germany, ambulatory care physicians most attended were general practitioners (2.6 quarters with contact within 4 quarters). Lung cancer was diagnosed by a general practitioner in 38% of the 13,111 incident patients. The average number of ambulatory care physician contacts over 4 quarters was 35.82 ± 27.31. High numbers of comorbidities and contacts in ambulatory care are common in patients with lung cancer. Therefore, a cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary approach is required for effective, patient-centred care. This was a 5-year cross-sectoral study, based on the InGef research database, which covers anonymized health insurance data of 7.2 million individuals in Germany. Incident lung cancer patients in a 5-year period (2013-2017) were identified. Descriptive statistics were calculated for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and attendance of ambulatory care physicians.An electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with high energy can damage electronic equipment instantly within a wide range of thousands of kilometers. Generally, a metal plate placed inside a thick concrete wall is used against an EMP, but it is not suitable for an EMP shielding window, which requires not only strong shielding effectiveness (SE) but also optical transparency (OT). In this paper, we propose a very thin and optically transparent structure with excellent SE for EMP shielding window application. The proposed structure consists of a saltwater layer held between two glass substrates and two metal mesh layers on the outside of the glass, with a total thickness of less than 1.5 cm. The SE and OT of the structure are above 80 dB and 45%, respectively, which not only meet the requirement of EMP shielding for military purposes but also retain the procedure of good observation. Moreover, the OT of the structure can be significantly improved using only one metal mesh film (MMF) layer, while the SE is still maintained high to satisfy the required SE for home applicants.