https://www.selleckchem.com/products/valproic-acid.html -directed cardiac assessment in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients undergoing prone positioning.The causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, appears exceptional in its virulence and immunopathology. In some patients, the resulting hyperinflammation resembles a cytokine release syndrome. Our knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 is evolving and anti-cytokine therapies are under active investigation. This narrative review summarizes existing knowledge of the immune response to coronavirus infection and highlights the current and potential future roles of therapeutic strategies to combat the hyperinflammatory response of patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Relevant and up-to-date literature, media reports, and author experiences were included from Medline, national newspapers, and public clinical trial databases. The authors selected studies for inclusion by consensus. The authors reviewed each study and selected approrpriate data for inclusion through consensus. Hyperinflammation, reminiscent of cytokine release syn adults with severe disease.Influenza virus is a major cause of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Early identification of patients who will suffer severe complications can help stratify patients for clinical trials and plan for resource use in case of pandemic. We aimed to identify which clinical variables best predict prolonged acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in influenza-infected critically ill children. Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure was defined using hypoxemia cutoffs from international consensus definitions of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with ventilatory support. Prolonged acute hypoxemic respiratory failure was defined by acute hypoxemic respiratory failure criteria still present at PICU day 7. In this prospective multicenter study across 34 PICUs from November 2009 to Apr