https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd9291.html 1 ± 5.2% for SPC5001 (5 µM) and 79.4 ± 0.8% for 556089 (10 µM). During extended exposure for up to 20 consecutive days, only SPC5001 induced cytotoxicity (at the higher concentration; 5 µM), as evaluated by LDH in the perfusate medium. Moreover, perfusate levels of biomarkers KIM-1, NGAL, clusterin, osteopontin and VEGF increased 2.5 ± 0.2-fold, 3.9 ± 0.9-fold, 2.3 ± 0.6-fold, 3.9 ± 1.7-fold and 1.9 ± 0.4-fold respectively, in response to SPC5001, generating distinct time-dependent profiles. In conclusion, target downregulation, cytotoxicity and kidney injury biomarkers were induced by the clinically nephrotoxic ASO SPC5001, demonstrating the translational potential of this kidney on-a-chip. The risk of allograft rejection following high-risk keratoplasty increases with the area of corneal neovascularization. Pharmaceutical and physical regression of corneal neovascularization before keratoplasty may offer the potential to reduce the risk of graft rejection after high-risk keratoplasty. This article provides areview of the literature on the preconditioning of vascularized high-risk eyes using fine-needle diathermy and corneal cross-linking (preoperative preconditioning by lymphangioregression). A literature search was carried out in PubMed and a summary of own data is presented. Animal experimental studies showed that both fine-needle diathermy and corneal cross-linking lead to a regression of corneal neovascularization and prolong graft survival after high-risk keratoplasty. Furthermore, studies from our institute provide first evidence that both procedures also lead to areduction of corneal neovascularization in the clinical practice and thus potentially reduce the risk of allograft rejection after subsequent high-risk keratoplasty. Fine-needle diathermy and corneal cross-linking provide effective therapeutic approaches for angioregressive treatment and seem to prolong graft survival following high-risk keratoplast