1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of graded levels of dietary corn resistant starch (RS) on glucose and lipid metabolism of broilers. 2. A total of 320 male broiler chicks (Arbor Acres, one-day-old) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments, including a corn-soybean control diet, a corn-soybean based diet containing 20% corn starch, and three diets containing 4%, 8% and 12% RS by replacing corn starch with 6.67%, 13.33% and 20% Hi-Maize® 260 (identified as control, RS1, RS2, RS3 and RS4, respectively). Each treatment contained eight replicates with eight birds, and the experiment lasted 42 days. 3. Birds fed RS diets showed lower (P less then 0.05) concentrations of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid at d 21 and 42 of age, compared to the control.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Gefitinib.html  Lower (P less then 0.05) hepatic apolipoprotein B concentration and citrate synthase (CS) activity, as well as a higher (P less then 0.05) glycogen synthase (GS) concentration were observed in birdsrated whole-body energy expenditures in the grower phase.Consistency is one of the crucial single-case data aspects that are expected to be assessed visually, when evaluating the presence of an intervention effect. Complementarily to visual inspection, there have been recent proposals for quantifying the consistency of data patterns in similar phases and the consistency of effects for reversal, multiple-baseline, and changing criterion designs. The current text continues this line of research by focusing on alternation designs using block randomization. Specifically, three types of consistency are discussed consistency of superiority of one condition over another, consistency of the average level across blocks, and consistency in the magnitude of the effect across blocks. The focus is put especially on the latter type of consistency, which is quantified on the basis of partitioning the variance, as attributed to the intervention, to the blocking factor or remaining as residual (including the interaction between the intervention and the blocks). Several illustrations with real and fictitious data are provided in order to make clear the meaning of the quantification proposed. Moreover, specific graphical representations are recommend for complementing the numerical assessment of consistency. A freely available user-friendly webpage is developed for implementing the proposal.Digital media (DM) is omnipresent in society today and impacts every aspect of our life. Previous studies have shown DM to cause problems in interpersonal relationships by creating problematic interruptions in interactions, this has been termed technoference. The current study focuses on parent's self-rated perceived technoference and the rated behavior of their 4- to 5-year-old children. Parents (N = 153) filled out an online questionnaire regarding family DM use and technoference as well as questions regarding their child's behavior. Parents rated the level of technoference caused by their own use of DM as well as the rate of technoference caused by the child's use of DM. Parents were also asked questions regarding their own possible problematic cell phone use. The findings reveal a statistically significant contribution of technoference, caused by the parents' use of DM, to the behavior repertoire of the children.Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of most common malignancies worldwide. Long noncoding RNA insulin growth factor 2 antisense (IGF2-AS) is associated with the progression of various cancers. Here, we further explore the detailed molecular mechanism of IGF2-AS in GC. Materials and Methods The expression of IGF2-AS, microRNA-937 (miR-937), and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) was gauged by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot, respectively. The role of IGF2-AS in the GC prognosis was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were measured by using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) or transwell assay, respectively. The interaction between miR-937 and lncIGF2-AS or EZH2 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Murine xenograft model was established by using SGC-7901 cells stably transfected with sh-IGF2-AS. Results The expression of IGF2-AS was elevated in GC tissues and cell lines, and highly expressed IGF2-AS predicted poor prognosis. Knockdown of IGF2-AS inhibited cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. IGF2-AS directly interacted with miR-937 and regulated GC progression by sponging miR-937. EZH2 was a target of miR-937 and miR-937 exerted antitumor effects in GC through downregulating EZH2 cells. Besides that, IGF2-AS indirectly regulated EZH2 expression by sponging miR-937. Conclusions IGF2-AS promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in GC via the miR-937/EZH2 axis, indicating that IGF2-AS works as an oncogene and may be a promising therapeutic and prognostic biomarker for GC.Objective Although clinicians recognize the importance of breastfeeding for child health, breastfeeding initiation can be limited by maternal characteristics such as race/ethnicity, age at first birth, and educational attainment. We hypothesized that the strong influence of prior infant feeding experiences on multiparous women's decision to initiate and continue breastfeeding may mean that these maternal characteristics influence breastfeeding more strongly for primiparas than multiparas. Materials and Methods Using PRAMS (Phase 8) survey data from 2016 to 2017, we analyzed mothers' responses to the supplemental question about parity, "Before you got pregnant with your new baby, did you ever have any other babies who were born alive?" Study variables were summarized by using weighted means and proportions and compared according to parity by using Wald tests. In the overall cohort, we evaluated the interaction between parity and each covariate by using logistic regression. Results In our sample (N = 20,694), 40% of respondents were first-time mothers, and 88% had initiated breastfeeding. Primiparas were more likely to breastfeed than multiparas (92% versus 86%; p less then 0.001), but they had shorter mean breastfeeding duration. On unadjusted analysis, four covariates were more strongly associated with breastfeeding initiation among primiparas than multiparas (maternal age, educational attainment, receiving breastfeeding information from a nurse or other medical professional, and receiving breastfeeding information from family or friends). Conclusions Breastfeeding initiation is impacted more strongly by maternal characteristics for primiparas than multiparas.