ications should be extended if necessary (e.g., younger patients, patients with lower CCI or ASA). This approach may enable us to protect both patients and healthcare professionals that perform the operation from the risk of COVID-19.
 Although many publications emphasize that laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) can be performed with low morbidity at the first admission in acute cholecystitis, it is a clinical condition that can be delayed in the COVID-19 pandemic and other similar emergencies. Thus, percutaneous cholecystostomy should be effectively employed, and its indications should be extended if necessary (e.g., younger patients, patients with lower CCI or ASA). This approach may enable us to protect both patients and healthcare professionals that perform the operation from the risk of COVID-19.
  To compare the effectiveness of spinal anesthesia (SA) and the combination of intraurethral topical instillation of 2% lidocaine + intraurethral local visual injection anesthesia (T + LIA) for visual internal urethrotomy (VIU) in the treatment of traumatic posterior urethral strictures and prostatic urethral stenoses.
 
  In this study, the results of 178 patients who underwent visual internal urethrotomy for posterior urethral strictures and prostatic urethral stenoses secondary to trauma in our clinic between October 2018 and January 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups as combined T + LIA (n=146, 82.08%) group and SA (n=32, 17.97%) group according to the type of anesthesia used. The preoperative clinical data and postoperative results of the patients were analyzed and compared between the groups.
 
  The mean age of the patients was 67.99±10.87 years and the mean follow-up was 5.32±3.27 months. The median age of the patients in the T + LIA group was significantly higher than that of the patients in the SA group (p=0.033). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding preoperative Q-max value (p=0.931). Similarly, the rate of postoperative improvement in the Q-max values of the patients was similar between the groups (p=0.572). The presence of postoperative complications and recurrence rates were similar between the groups (p=0.879 and p=0.904, respectively).
 
  Compared to spinal anesthesia, T + LIA anesthesia is a safe and effective technique for visual internal urethrotomy in treating traumatic posterior urethral strictures and prostatic urethral stenoses, with a high rate of success and acceptable rate of complications.
 Compared to spinal anesthesia, T + LIA anesthesia is a safe and effective technique for visual internal urethrotomy in treating traumatic posterior urethral strictures and prostatic urethral stenoses, with a high rate of success and acceptable rate of complications.
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the accepted standard treatment for acute cholecystitis (AC) in patients eligible for surgery. Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) can provide a permanent treatment for high-risk patients for surgery or act as a bridge for later surgical treatment. This study is an evaluation of the use of PC during the current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a single hospital.
 
  Fifty patients with AC were admitted as of the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey through June 2020. Patients with pancreatitis, cholangitis, and/or incomplete data were excluded from the study. Data of the remaining 36 patients included in the study were recorded and a descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The patients were divided into three groups PC (n=14), only conservative treatment with antibiotherapy (OC) (n=14), and LC (n=8). The findings were compared with a group of 70 similar patients from the pre-pandemic period.
 
  The mean age of the pandemic period patients was 53 years (range 26-78 years). The female/male ratio was 1.11.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/6-thio-dg.html  PC was preferred in eight (11%) patients in the same period of the previous year, whereas 14 (39%) patients underwent PC in the pandemic period. Four of the 36 pandemic patients were positive for COVID-19, including one member of the PC group. There was one (7.1%) mortality in the pandemic-period PC group due to cardiac arrest. The length of hospital stay between the groups based on the type of treatment was not statistically significant.
 
  LC is not recommended during the pandemic period; PC can be an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of AC.
 LC is not recommended during the pandemic period; PC can be an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of AC.A 20-year-old man suffered from a swelling with a painless but cosmetic problem in the right temporal region. Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery is rare. It typically occurs after blunt trauma to the temporal region and presents as a painless, preauricular and pulsatile mass during the following 2-6 weeks. The diagnosis is made simply by physical examination and ultrasound. Surgery under local anesthesia is a very effective treatment.
  Soft tissue trauma of the face is considered a leading cause of presentation and referral to the pediatric emergency department. The present study aims to evaluate the demographics properties of facial injuries presenting to the pediatric emergency.
 
  In this study, 1160 patients presented with a simple facial laceration to the pediatric emergency department of Başkent University were reviewed from 2011 to 2017. Patients up to 18 years of age were included. We evaluated demographics about patients' age, sex, the cause of injury, the location of laceration and timing of the injury. Age was categorized according to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) pediatric terminology into five groups as follows 0-12 months, 12 months-2 years, 2-5 year, 6-11 year, and 12-18 years. The following analyses were performed to each age group a number of cases, male to female predominance, timing of injury (e.g., early morning, afternoon, evening, late evening and at night), the place that the inaphic data provided in this study can be useful in trauma prevention programs which are effective in reducing the incidence, nature and severity of facial lacerations. Parents should be reminded of age-specific preventive measures in injury avoidance.