There was a main effect of hour (P≤.05) indicative of post-prandial shifts in caecal metabolites. There were no main effects of treatment on pH or VFA concentration (P≥.3). Effects of hour×treatment (P≤.04) were observed for all response variables. Regardless of treatment or hour, caecal pH remained well within normal limits. Three horses exhibited signs of lower oesophageal choke immediately after consumption of BP pellets.
 
  Interactions between ingredients when mixed for formulation of a concentrate warrant further research. Furthermore, a short adaptation period was chosen to mimic common management practices.
 
  Minimal differences in caecal fermentation parameters were detected when ingredients were fed at a common inclusion level.
 Minimal differences in caecal fermentation parameters were detected when ingredients were fed at a common inclusion level.
  The aim of this study was to explore which aspects of their role practice nurses perceive to be most influential and the strategies they employ to promote the MMR vaccine.
 
  Qualitative study employing in depth interviews.
 
  Fifteen London based practice nurses, nine in 2014 and six in 2018, took part in semi-structured interviews that were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to systematically manage, analyse, and identify themes.
 
  Analysis of data identified aspects of their role practice nurses perceived to be most influential (the themes) including promoting vaccination, assisting parents' to make informed decisions, and provided insight into how they used specific strategies to achieve these in practice. These themes were consistent over both phases of the study.
 
  The findings provide an understanding of (i) the practice nurses perceptions of the most important aspects of their role when promoting the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; and (ii) the strategie findings reveal how practice nurses promote the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine by identifying strategies to enable parents to make informed decisions. At a time of an increasing incidence of measles, practice nurses have an important public health role in achieving herd immunity levels for measles, mumps, and rubella.
  Many dry eye questionnaires are available, but these may not be suitable for paediatric eye care. The feasibility of use and repeatability of symptom questionnaires administered to children was examined.
 
  Participants aged 6-15years (n=62; 25M37F; 40% male) completed six questionnaires twice in random order at a single visit Symptoms assessment in dry eye (SANDE), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), numerical rating scale (NRS), ocular comfort index (OCI, n=30), dry eye questionnaire 5 (DEQ-5) and the instant ocular symptoms survey (IOSS). Completion time and need for assistance were recorded and relationships with age examined (Pearson correlation, independent t-test). The number of participants requiring assistance and with which items were compared (linear mixed model, pairwise test). Repeatability (coefficient of repeatability (CoR), limit of agreement, bias) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were examined.
 
  Completion time was ≤2min for each individual questionnaire. Younger participants took longer to complete (r=-0.43 to -0.60, p≤0.01), and required more assistance (p≤0.001). Forty-eight participants required assistance with at least one questionnaire. Older children (13-15years) only required assistance with OSDI (p≤0.004) and NRS (p≤0.003). Participants required more assistance with SANDE, OSDI and NRS than with DEQ-5 and IOSS (p≤0.02) and with gritty (OSDI, 77% of participants; OCI, 100%) and foreign body sensation (NRS, 92%) items. CoR was similar for all questionnaires with no evidence of a learning effect (p>0.05). ICC was moderate to excellent.
 
  Dry eye questionnaires can be used reliably in paediatric eye care; more time and assistance may be required for younger children. The DEQ-5 and IOSS are recommended for use in younger age children.
 Dry eye questionnaires can be used reliably in paediatric eye care; more time and assistance may be required for younger children. The DEQ-5 and IOSS are recommended for use in younger age children.The extra-articular distal humerus locking plate (EADHP) is widely used for distal extra-articular diaphyseal humeral fracture fixation. However, it occasionally causes skin prominence and discomfort.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alpha-conotoxin-gi.html  The upside-down use of a proximal humerus internal locking system (PHILOS) plate is suggested as an alternative option, but it lacks biomechanical evidence. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical performance between two different fixation methods the modified use of the PHILOS plate on the anterior cortex versus conventional use of an EADHP on the posterior cortex. Twelve pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric humeri were used and 7 mm gap osteotomy was performed at 50 mm proximal to the lateral epicondyle to simulate an AO/OTA 12-C1.3 fracture type. Single load to failure was measured after five stiffness tests of the plate-bone constructs in anterior/posterior bending, internal/external torsion, and axial compression. There were no significant differences in metrics between the two groups, except for the load to failure in posterior bending, which was significantly higher for PHILOS (1589.3 ± 234.5) compared to EADHP (1430.1 ± 188.6), p  less then  .023. In conclusion, the modified use of the PHILOS plate showed comparable biomechanical performance compared to the conventional EADHP. The new fixation method offers potential clinical advantages, considering the patient's position and surgical approach at the time of surgery as well as postoperative soft tissue irritation. Therefore, this could be an option for distal humeral extra-articular diaphyseal fracture fixation when the use of EADHP is not suitable or preferred.
  The aim of this study is to adapt and evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a multisensory, psychosocial intervention called Namaste Care delivered by family and friend caregivers of community-dwelling older adults with moderate to advanced dementia.
 
  A multiphase mixed methods design combining quantitative and qualitative methods will be used.
 
  This study is composed of two phases. Phase 1 is guided by a qualitative description approach. Small group workshop sessions with 8-10 caregivers of community-dwelling older adults with moderate to advanced dementia will be conducted to adapt Namaste Care. In Phase 2, 10-20 caregivers will receive training and implement the adapted Namaste Care approach at home. A one group, before-after design will be used to evaluate feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of the approach over 3months. Feasibility will be assessed using quantitative measures and acceptability will be explored using qualitative methods. Outcomes to evaluate preliminary effectiveness include quality of life (QoL), positive perceptions of caregiving, self-efficacy, and caregiver burden.