Despite efforts to address gender disparities in medicine, female representation in orthopaedics lags behind that of other fields, and little work has evaluated gender disparities within the subspecialty of arthroplasty surgery. The objective of this study was to analyze female authorship trends in arthroplasty research from 2002 to 2019. Articles published from 2002 to 2019 in 12 clinical orthopaedic and arthroplasty journals were extracted from PubMed. Articles that provided the full name of the first author and contained the terms "arthroplasty," "hip replacement," "knee replacement," or "joint replacement" in the title and/or as keywords were analyzed. The gender of the author was determined with the validated Genderize algorithm, and publication trends were analyzed over time. Descriptive and comparative statistics were computed, and logistic regression was used to evaluate gender trends. From 2002 to 2019, 14,692 articles met the inclusion criteria, and the gender of 63,628 authors was identified..1%). While overall female representation and first authorship in arthroplasty literature have increased over time, the paucity of women in senior author roles remains troubling. Future studies should examine why the proportion of women publishing in arthroplasty remains lower than that in most other orthopaedic subspecialties. While overall female representation and first authorship in arthroplasty literature have increased over time, the paucity of women in senior author roles remains troubling. Future studies should examine why the proportion of women publishing in arthroplasty remains lower than that in most other orthopaedic subspecialties. To develop a more efficient and less traumatic method of Descemet membrane removal in endothelial surgery. A novel, vertically oriented, reverse-grasping microforceps (named the Rabiyah Descemet Membrane Removal Microforceps) were created to facilitate grasping and extraction of a host Descemet membrane. This new instrument has been used successfully and safely in more than 85 endothelial keratoplasty cases among 4 surgeons. The Rabiyah Descemet Membrane Removal Microforceps provides surgeons with a safe and an efficient option to remove Descemet membrane in endothelial surgical procedures. The Rabiyah Descemet Membrane Removal Microforceps provides surgeons with a safe and an efficient option to remove Descemet membrane in endothelial surgical procedures. To describe 3 cases of corneal clearance after the use of topical rho-kinase inhibitor, netarsudil, in the setting of endothelial cell dysfunction in comparison to one case without corneal clearance after the use of netarsudil. Four patients presenting to a busy academic clinical corneal practice with visual complaints from corneal edema secondary to endothelial cell dysfunction were treated with topical netarsudil one drop daily in the affected eye. Corneal clearance was observed in 1) a case of peripheral corneal edema in the setting of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome after 4 weeks on netarsudil, 2) a case of corneal edema in the setting of early penetrating keratoplasty graft failure after 2-week use of netarsudil, and 3) a case of corneal edema in the setting of chronic penetrating keratoplasty graft failure after 4-week use of netarsudil. Corneal clearance was not observed in a case of corneal edema in the setting of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy from previous complicated intraocular lens exchange surgery with placement of an anterior chamber intraocular lens after the use of netarsudil for 12 weeks. Addition of topical rho-kinase inhibitor in the form of netarsudil can result in corneal clearance in a variety of certain cases of endothelial cell dysfunction, not previously documented in the literature. Addition of topical rho-kinase inhibitor in the form of netarsudil can result in corneal clearance in a variety of certain cases of endothelial cell dysfunction, not previously documented in the literature.Bile acid diarrhea is a frequent, treatable cause of functional diarrhea but is difficult to diagnose when the nuclear medicine seleno-taurohomocholic acid test is unavailable. An alternative approach is testing blood for the bile acid precursor, 7α-OH-4-cholesten-3-one, which is raised with increased bile acid synthesis. A recent article has defined measurements that have high negative and positive predictive values, further exploring how they can be improved by incorporating measures such as age, stool number, fibroblast growth factor 19, or plasma sulfated bile acids. Other articles have looked at the percentage of fecal primary bile acids. Together, they promise better use of diagnostic biomarkers for this condition. To investigate the differences between the Face Pain and Borg scales for rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in healthy adults, and their relationships with work rate (watts), heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), and minute ventilation (VE). In this prospective observational study, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 77 healthy adults were randomly assigned to either the group using the Face Pain scale (19 men, 18 women) or using the Borg scale (21 men, 19 women) for the RPE during CPET. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/wnt-c59-c59.html In Experiment 2, 40 healthy adults (20 men, 20 women) used both the Face Pain and Borg scales for the RPE during CPET. In both experiments, CPET was performed on ramp protocols with incremental increases in the work rate by 20 watts/minute. Their responses in terms of watts, HR, VO2, VE, and RPE (assessed using the Face Pain scale or Borg scale) were recorded each minute. There were significant relationships between the two scales and all physiological variables during CPET in 74 out of the 77 participants in Experiment 1 and in all subjects in Experiment 2 (p < 0.05). The correlation coefficient of the Face Pain scale with respect to the physi ological 1 parameters was slightly lower than that of Borg scale in both experiments (p < 0.05). The Face Pain scale had a significant correlation with the Borg scale during CPET in Experiment 2 (p < 0.05). The Face Pain scale may be useful for determining the intensity of exercise in healthy adults, similar to the Borg scale. The Face Pain scale may be useful for determining the intensity of exercise in healthy adults, similar to the Borg scale.