https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hada-hydrochloride.html They represent an important reservoir species of avian influenza viruses, which can occasionally be transmitted to other bird species or mammals, including humans. Ducks thus have a central role in the epidemiology of influenza virus infection. Importantly, ducks usually show little or no clinical signs even following infection with a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. We provide evidence that the microbiota contributes to the control of influenza virus replication in ducks by modulating the antiviral immune response. Ducks are able to control influenza virus replication more efficiently when they have an intact intestinal microbiota. Therefore, maintaining a healthy microbiota by limiting perturbations to its composition should contribute to prevention of avian influenza virus spread from the duck reservoir. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped RNA virus which is responsible for approximately 80% of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Current lines of evidence have supported the functional involvement of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in many viral infectious diseases. However, the overall biological effect and clinical role of lncRNAs in RSV infection remain unclear. In this study, lncRNAs related to respiratory virus infection were obtained from lncRNA database. And we collected 144 clinical sputum specimens to identify lncRNAs related to RSV infection. qPCR detection indicated that the expression of lncRNA NRAV in RSV-positive patients was significantly lower than that in uninfected ones, but lncRNA PRINS, NEAT1, and NEST showed no difference in vivo and in vitro Meanwhile, over expression of Negative Regulator of Antiviral Response (NRAV) promoted RSV proliferation in A549 and BEAS-2B cells, and vice versa, indicating that the down-regulation of NRAV was part of the host antiviral defenelerate RSV proliferation, thereby im