In conclusion, this survey revealed overall good adherence to the correct definition of each component in scoring of the 'C', 'H', and 'V' elements of the CHA2DS2-VASc score, although the variation in their interpretations warrants further clarifications. The preferred referencing resources to calculate the score varied among different healthcare professionals. Guideline education to healthcare professionals and updated and unified online/mobile scoring tools are suggested to improve the accuracy in scoring the CHA2DS2-VASc score.In an attempt to comprehensively study the dynamics of non-structural carbon compounds (NCC), we measured the seasonal changes of soluble sugars, starch, lipids, and sugar alcohols in the leaves, branches, stem, and roots of the fast-growing Pinus contorta (pine) and slow-growing Picea glauca (spruce) trees growing in a boreal climate. In addition to measuring seasonal concentrations of these compounds, the relative contribution of these compounds to the total NCC pool within organs of trees (~8 m tall) was estimated and compared across different phenological and growth stages. Both species showed large seasonal shifts from starch to sugars from spring to fall in nearly all organs and tissues; most likely an adaptation to the cold winters. For both species the total fluctuation of sugar + starch across the year (i.e., the difference between the minimum and maximum observed across collection times) was estimated to be between 1.6 kg and 1.8 kg for all NCCs. The fluctuation, however, was 1.40 times greater than the minimum reserves in pine while only 0.72 times the minimum reserves in spruce. By tissue type, NCC fluctuations were greatest in the roots of both species. Roots showed a large build-up of reserves in late spring, but these reserves were depleted over summer and fall. Storage reserves in needles and branches declined over the summer and this decline may be linked to the sink strength of the stem during diameter growth. Some notable highlights of this holistic study a late winter build-up of sugars in the stem xylem of both species but especially spruce; an increase in sugar alcohols in the bark of spruce in very late winter which could indicate mobilization to support early growth in spring; high lipid reserves in the bark of pine, that appeared not to be impacted by seasonal changes between summer and winter. Collectively, these observations point towards a more conservative NCC reserve strategy in spruce compared to pine which is consistent with its stress tolerance and greater longevity.
  Isolation of COVID-19 patients has been universally implemented to control transmission of the outbreak. Hotels and other facilities have been adapted to help appropriate isolation be achieved. Our study tested the efficacy of isolating patients in a reconditioned hotel versus isolation in their domiciles to reduce infection transmission.
 
  Observational cohort study based on a survey to COVID-19 patients between April and June 2020. One cohort had been isolated in a hotel and the other in their domiciles. Multivariate regression models analyzed the factors related to the occurrence of COVID-19 infection among the household members.
 
  A total of 229 household members of COVID-19 patients were analyzed, 139 of them belonging to the group of hotel-isolated patients and 90 in the group of domicile-isolated ones. More than half of the household members became infected (53.7%). Higher risk of infection was found in the household members of domicile-isolated patients isolated and in those reporting overcrowding at home, (odds ratio [OR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-3.12) and (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.81; 2.56), respectively.
 
  The isolation of COVID-19 patients in community-supervised facilities may protect their household members from transmission of the disease. Overcrowded homes may contribute to the transmission of the infection.
 The isolation of COVID-19 patients in community-supervised facilities may protect their household members from transmission of the disease. Overcrowded homes may contribute to the transmission of the infection.Natural rubber is an important industrial raw material and commercially produced by rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). The sucrose transporter HbSUT3 plays an essential role in rubber production. Its expression in latex (cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers) is induced by bark treatment with Ethrel, an ethylene releaser, and the inducing effect correlates well with Ethrel-stimulated rubber yield increase. However, the mechanisms of ethylene induction on HbSUT3 expression are not known. Here, five Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) genes were identified from the cDNA library of Hevea latex by yeast one-hybrid screening with the promoter of HbSUT3 gene as bait. As revealed in a tobacco protoplast transient expression system, these HbERFs were mainly localized in the nucleus and four of them exhibited apparent transactivation activity. Of the five HbERF genes, HbERF-IXc4 was the most frequently screened in yeast one-hybrid, accounting for 65% of the ERF clones obtained. Moreover, among the five HbERFs, HbERF-IXc4 showed the strongest transactivation capacity when expressed in tobacco protoplast, the highest transcript abundance in latex, and a close expressional correlation with its target gene, HbSUT3, in response to the Ethrel treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that ERFs, especially HbERF-IXc4 is critically involved in the activation of HbSUT3 expression in latex after the Ethrel treatment on Hevea bark, and thus the stimulated latex yield.
  The aim of this study was to determine whether driver ablation effectively treats persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in obese patients.
 
  We randomly assigned 124 persistent AF obese patients to two groups, one undergoing conventional ablation (n = 62) and the other undergoing driver ablation (n = 62). Sixty-two non-obese patients with persistent AF undergoing driver ablation served as matched controls. Bipolar electrogram dispersion was analysed for driver mapping. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume was measured using cardiac computed tomography.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nvl-655.html  Obese patients had a higher proportion of driver regions in the posterior wall (56.5% vs. 32.3%, P = 0.007). Driver complexity, measured as the average number and area of driver regions, was higher in the obese group than in the non-obese group (3.5 ± 1.0 vs. 2.9 ± 0.9, P < 0.001; 15.5% ± 4.2% vs. 9.8 ± 2.6%, P < 0.001, respectively). Left atrial EAT volume correlated better with the proportion of area of driver regions than did body mass index (BMI) and total EAT (BMI r2 = 0.