https://www.selleckchem.com/ALK.html ial injury. Further studies on the importance of preoperative myocardial injury are needed.Clinical trial number and registry URL KCT0004348 ( www.cris.nih.go.kr ).The vitamin D receptor (VDR), coded by the VDR gene, plays a pivotal role in executing cellular functions when bound by the active form of vitamin D. Gene polymorphisms in this receptor have been increasingly associated with a heightened state of vulnerability to certain diseases. However, limited data is available concerning the role of VDR gene polymorphisms in preterm infant complications. In 114 premature infants ( less then  32 weeks gestation) we analyze four single nucleotide VDR polymorphisms (rs2228570 (FokI), rs1544410 (BsmI), rs797532 (ApaI), rs731236 (TaqI)) for their association with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The results show that BPD was almost four times more likely in infants with the genotype CC of ApaI (rs7975232) (OR 3.845; p = 0.038). While both BPD and NEC were 2.1 times more likely to occur in preterm infants with the allele C of ApaI (rs7975232) (respectively OR 2.111 and OR 2.129, p  less then  0.05). The ApaI VDR polymorphism appears to influence incidence of BPD and NEC in preterm infants. Considering VDR polymorphisms in future genetic investigations, in preterm complications, may prove clinically relevant.In clinical applications of miRNAs, the purity and quality of the testing samples are very critical, especially the obtained tissue sample volume is limited. If the extracted miRNAs are contaminated or different in quality before analysis, it will increase the variance of the analysis result and make the medical information judgment incorrect and cannot be portable. Herein, we improved the commercially extraction kit by realizing the fundamental mechanism and hoped to serve finding optimal pro