https://www.selleckchem.com/products/wnt-c59-c59.html  The primary goal of brain tumor surgery is maximal safe resection while avoiding iatrogenic injury. As surgical technology increases, it is becoming more possible to resect these lesions using minimally invasive approaches. While keyhole surgeries are being advocated, the lower limit of these approaches is unclear. Bur hole-based approaches may represent a standardized minimally invasive approach. The exoscope may provide increased visualization over standard microscopic visualization, making this approach possible. This approach has yet to be described strictly for intra-axial brain tumors.  All patients who underwent a bur hole-based surgery of an intra-axial tumor with exoscopic visualization by the senior author from January 2018 to December 2019 were prospectively identified and patient information and outcomes were collected.  Fifteen consecutive patients underwent surgical resection of an intrinsic brain tumor using a bur hole-based approach with exoscopic visualization. The average ± standard d.  Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in obese patients remains a surgical challenge. We aimed to compare patient-reported outcomes and complication rates between obese and nonobese patients who were treated by minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF).  The authors retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent MIS-TLIF at a single institution between 2011 and 2014. Patients were classified as obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m ) or nonobese (BMI < 30 kg/m ), according to their BMI. Outcomes assessed were complications, numerical rating scale (NRS) scores for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36) scores.  The final study group consisted of 71 patients, 24 obese (33.8%, 34.8 ± 3.8 kg/m ) and 47 nonobese (66.2%, 25.4 ± 2.9 kg/m ). Instrumentation failures (13.6 vs. 17.0%), dural tears (17.2 vs. 4.0%), and revision rates (16.7 vs. 19.