The global prevalence of migraine headaches is estimated to be about 15%, consisting mostly of young and middle-aged adults.1 Migraine headaches not only cause a burden of pain and suffering, but also result in significant loss of productivity. For example, in the European Union migraines are estimated to cost nearly 50 billion Euros in lost productivity in terms of aggregate direct and indirect costs to society annually.2 A reliable method of preventing symptoms would be beneficial in terms of quality of life as well as societal productivity.3.
  Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a global health concern that has become a pandemic over the past few months. This study aims at understanding the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients with pleural effusion.
 
  COVID-19 patients were retrospectively enrolled from the Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Pharyngeal swabs from patients were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patients with COVID-19 were divided into two groups based on their computed tomography (CT) scans for the presence of pleural effusion at admission. We compared the clinical features, laboratory findings, scans and clinical outcomes between the two groups.
 
  Pleural effusion was observed in 9.19% of the patients. Patients with pleural effusion were more likely to be severe or critical cases. Moreover, patients with pleural effusion were associated with increased mortality. Of the 799 discharged patients, patients with pleural effusion had longer hospital stays and duration of viral shedding since the onset of symptoms as compared with that for patients without pleural effusion.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Carboplatin.html  After discharge, 217 patients visited for a follow-up CT re-examination at the Union Hospital. The CT scans showed that patients with pleural effusion required a longer time to resolve the lung inflammation after the onset of COVID-19 as compared with the time required by patients without pleural effusion.
 
  This population of patients requires special attention and pleural effusion may be an indicator of poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
 This population of patients requires special attention and pleural effusion may be an indicator of poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.It is now well established that adjusting for pure predictors of the outcome, in addition to confounders, allows unbiased estimation of the total exposure effect on an outcome with generally reduced standard errors (SEs). However, no analogous results have been derived for mediation analysis. Considering the simplest linear regression setting and the ordinary least square estimator, we obtained theoretical results showing that adjusting for pure predictors of the outcome, in addition to confounders, allows unbiased estimation of the natural indirect effect (NIE) and the natural direct effect (NDE) on the difference scale with reduced SEs. Adjusting for pure predictors of the mediator increases the SE of the NDE's estimator, but may increase or decrease the variance of the NIE's estimator. Adjusting for pure predictors of the exposure increases the variance of estimators of the NIE and NDE. Simulation studies were used to confirm and extend these results to the case where the mediator or the outcome is binary. Additional simulations were conducted to explore scenarios featuring an exposure-mediator interaction as well as the relative risk and odds ratio scales for the case of binary mediator and outcome. Both a regression approach and an inverse probability weighting approach were considered in the simulation study. A real-data illustration employing data from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging is provided. This analysis is concerned with the mediating effect of vitamin D in the effect of physical activity on dementia and its results are overall consistent with the theoretical and empirical findings.
  Aspirin is routinely prescribed in high risk pregnancies to prevent preeclampsia, however, there is a paucity of data in women with pre-existing diabetes.
 
  To assess the efficacy and safety of aspirin in women with pre-existing diabetes in preventing preeclampsia.
 
  A retrospective review of women with pre-existing diabetes who attended antenatal clinics in a tertiary referral hospital between 2013 and 2019 was conducted. Cases were those receiving aspirin prior to 16 weeks, with pre-eclampsia as the primary outcome. The relationship between early pregnancy glycaemic control and preeclampsia was also assessed.
 
  Of the 164 women included in the study, 45 received aspirin. There were no differences in preeclampsia (OR 0.9 [0.3-3.0], p = 0.924) or any other measure of placental insufficiency (OR 1.7 [0.7-4.3], p = 0.243) between the aspirin and control groups after adjusting for baseline differences. Aspirin therapy was associated with an increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage (OR 3.1 [1.1-9.1], p = 0.041)ght. All rights reserved.
  Health Care Workers (HCWs), including medical doctors, played a pivotal role as a first-line defence against the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of high exposure, HCWs are at an increased risk of contracting the disease.
 
  This study aims to assess the level of precautionary measures, both at home and the workplace, amongst medical doctors who were on duty during the national lockdown in Jordan.
 
  A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 23 and May 1, 2020, utilising a self-administered web-based questionnaire to examine a sample of medical doctors (n=270) working at different healthcare institutions in Jordan. Likert scale was used to code the data and generate means and percentages.
 
  The most practiced on-duty precautionary measures were cleaning hands with water and disinfectant for more than 20seconds (47.4%), followed by proper hygiene before and during meals (38.9%). The most practiced off-duty measures were taking off clothes before entering the residential place (65.9%) and prohibiting visitoordan was not optimal. More attention and efforts are needed to enhance the adherence of doctors to precautionary guidance. Strengthening the role of infectious disease and infection control units within healthcare settings remains a necessity.